본 연구는 제3국출생 북한이탈주민 자녀가 한국에 입국해서 겪는 병 역문제 적응에 대한 논의에 초점을 두고, 이들의 적응 과정에서 병역문 제를 해결하기 위한 정책대안을 모색하는 데 목적을 두었다. 국내 입국 탈북민들은 탈북과정의 트라우마, 가족과 고향에 대한 그리움, 낯선 곳에 서의 문화적 격차, 취업과 교육 적응 등 풀어야 할 과제가 많다. 특히, 남성의 경우 병역 문제가 적용되면서 또 다른 부적응과 갈등이 발생한 다. 지금까지 제3국출생 북한이탈주민 자녀에 관한 연구는 주로 유형별 실태와 학교적응, 언어적응, 심리적 문제 등에 국한되었다. 이 연구는 제 3국출생 탈북민이 병역법에 따라 의무 군 복무를 하면서 겪는 언어소통, 문화와 정서의 차이 등의 문제점을 먼저 살펴보고 대안을 제시했다. 탈 북민의 병역문제와 관련한 대안으로는 첫째, 대체복무제 시행과 이중언 어활용 둘째, 탈북민을 대상으로 한 병역법 개정, 셋째, 적응 과정에서의 체계적인 한국어 교육 넷째, 국가관 및 안보관 교육을 통한 정체성 확립 등이다.

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of horticultural therapy (HT) program based on the self-expression model for improving adjustment to military life of soldiers in military service. A total of 60 soldiers in air force located in Gyeonggi province, South Korea were participated in this study. Soldiers were randomly divided into experimental group (n=30) and control group (n=30). A HT program that consisted of a 10-session was developed for this study and was conducted from August to October of 2014. The main activities in the HT program were planting, making crafts by using plants, and flower arrangement. Feeling expression that is a part of the self-expression model was separated by three stages such as intimacy and relationship formation stage, situational awareness and emotional expression stage, and strengthen inner insight (emotional overcome) and emotion defuse stage. Moreover, the selected relevant factors such as depression, anxiety, interpersonal relationships, etc. were applied to the each session for improvement adjustment to military life of soldiers. After finishing the HT program, anxiety, depression, ego-resilience, interpersonal relationships, and adjustment to military life showed a significant improvement in experimental group except the variable, stress to military life. In the control group, there was no significant difference in the six variables after the HT program. The participants in the experimental group reported a high level of satisfaction for the HT program in the satisfaction survey. In conclusions, the HT program based on the self-expression model for improving adjustment to military life of soldiers showed significantly significant improvements. Additionally, it would be interesting to investigate the effects of HT program for improving adjustment to military life to cared soldier who is more serious problem in the military service.