The vehicle routing problem is one of the vibrant research problems for half a century. Many studies have extensively studied the vehicle routing problem in order to deal with practical decision-making issues in logistics. However, developments of new logistics strategies have inevitably required investigations on solution methods for solving the problem because of computational complexity and inherent constraints in the problem. For this reason, this paper suggests a simulated annealing (SA) algorithm for a variant of vehicle routing problem introduced by a previous study. The vehicle routing problem is a multi-depot and multi-trip vehicle routing problem with multiple heterogeneous vehicles restricted by the maximum permitted weight and the number of compartments. The SA algorithm generates an initial solution through a greedy-type algorithm and improves it using an enhanced SA procedure with three local search methods. A series of computational experiments are performed to evaluate the performance of the heuristic and several managerial findings are further discussed through scenario analyses. Experiment results show that the proposed SA algorithm can obtain good solutions within a reasonable computation time and scenario analyses show that a transportation system visiting non-dedicated factories shows better performance in truck management in terms of the numbers of vehicles used and trips for serving customer orders than another system visiting only dedicated factories.

In General, cases, where the money received is mixed up and with those related to duties and those that are not, and as a result inseparably combined to each other, are classified into two categories. Type One is when a part or all of the received money is not related to duties, but materially as a whole can be recognized as a bribe, as it is in general precedents. Type Two is when only a part of the received money can be recognized as a bribe, and the rest is not recognized as a bribe (for example, since it is a justifiable compensation), but is objectively hard to divide the parts. In regards to Type One, the whole money received shall be recognized as a bribe, and therefore be treated as a general bribery case. Therefore bribery is charged for all the money received, and “special criminal laws on specific crimes” is applied according to the amount of the bribery. However, in regards to Type Two, since only a part of the received money is bribery, the received amount of money cannot be calculated by a normal estimation method. Thus, in principle, the amount is handled as not calculable, so that “special criminal laws on specific crimes” cannot be applied. This judgement showed that Type Two exists, and has a significant meaning as a precedent since it showed that in such a case the amount of bribery cannot be calculated and thus is unable to be additionally collected. Nevertheless, subsequent judgments seem to have distorted this judgement. It restricted this judgement’s range of application only to “when the money was received on several occasions, and when each receiving act is needed to be individually judged whether it is related to duties or not.”

Malignant salivary gland neoplasms constitute approximately 1% to 3% of all head and neck malignancies and only 0.3% of all malignant neoplasms. Malignant mixed tumors represent 2.2% of all salivary gland tumors. We experienced a huge malignant mixed tumor in the parotid gland, and obtained good results after surgical excision of the parotid gland and reconstructive operation. Therefore, we report on our experience and review the articles related to that tumor.

본 논문은 우리나라와 일본 간에 발생할 수 있는 독도 인근 해 양이용에 관한 기타 분쟁(해양과학조사, 해양지명, 신한․일어업협 정의 해석 및 운용, 핵물질 운송선박의 사고, 독도 영공의 방공식 별구역(KADIZ), 가스하이드레이트의 개발 및 이용 등)을 국제재 판에 의해 해결하는 과정에서 일본이 선결문제로 독도영유권의 귀속에 관한 문제를 청구할 수 있는 가능성을 살펴보았다. 이들 분쟁을 국제재판에 의해 해결하는 과정에서 독도문제를 선 결문제로 청구할 수 있는 국제재판의 형태는, 특별중재재판소, 중 재재판소, 국제해양법재판소, 국제사법재판소를 생각할 수 있으나, 양국이 국제재판에 제소한다는 ‘특별협정’에서 재판청구의 대상을 명시적으로 독도문제를 선결문제로 청구한다는 것에 양국이 합의 하지 않는 한, 동 사건에 관한 국제재판에서 독도문제에 관한 ‘혼합재판(Mxed Case)’이 성립되기는 어려울 것이다. 그럼에도 불 구하고, 독도문제를 국제재판에 의해 해결해야 한다는 일본의 주 장은, 독도문제에 대하여 국제적 여론을 환기시키고자 하는 도발 행위이며, ‘권리남용’에 해당된다고 본다. 우리로서는 국제재판제도에 관한 연구 및 국제동향의 분석, 독 도문제에 관한 국제법, 역사학, 지리학 등 전문가의 양성, 외국 및 국제기구에서의 적극적인 홍보, 우리나라 국민에 대한 교육 강화 등의 노력이 필요하다.