The interaction between GATT/WTO and legal regimes to combat climate change has experienced four important stages. First, both were created independently as two selfcontained legal regimes. Second, these regimes may potentially conflict with each other because climate change measures may violate the GATT/WTO rules. Third, if policies and measures are tailored well, the GATT/WTO and climate change legal regimes could be implemented simultaneously. Last, a shift to low carbon economy presses for close cooperation and mutual supportiveness between these two legal regimes. However, the multinational nature of these two legal regimes often delay or hamper global consensus on agenda for cooperation. This article argues that trade agreements as a regional approach have merits and advantages of pursuing harmonization and cooperation under the GATT/ WTO framework. Regional trade agreements can provide opportunities for a group of countries with concrete commitments and rules to cope with climate change beyond the possibility of the multilateral arena.

Recently, urbanization has become a serious issue, as there is imbalance between regions and various environmental problems occur intensively in cities. Therefore, cities all over the world are promoting the Green New Deal and trying to realize carbon neutrality. Accordingly, the European Union is leading the creation of carbon-neutral cities by promoting policies aimed at rapidly realizing carbon neutrality. In Korea, projects such as U-City and Smart City have also been promoted continuously for many years, and recently, the projects Smart Green City and Carbon Neutral Green City have been introduced. Therefore, this study aimed to derive directions and implications for future projects based on policies to address climate change by analyzing the guidelines for the Smart Green City project and the project plans of Gimhae-si and Gangjin-gun, which are the leading projects in the Smart Green City business model and are equipped with an extensive budget.

This study aims to discuss measures to combat climate change pertaining to the waste sectors in the EU and Japan.The EU aims to secure 20% of its total energy consumed from renewable sources and to reduce the emission of greenhousegases by 20% by 2020. This study investigated the amount of waste-based energy produced and confirmed that it makesa significant contribution to renewable energy sources. The amount of energy produced differs according to the type ofwaste utilized and the size (population) of the country and these factors should be taken into account when establishingresponse measures. In Japan, policies have been introduced to promote the recovery of energy and to reduce the greenhousegases emitted by incinerators. In particular, the country has been promoting a high level of efficiency by differentiatingthe government subsidy funding according to the energy recovery rate. This study confirmed that the utilization of wasteresource energy has made a significant contribution to reducing the emission of greenhouse gases in the member countriesof the EU and in Japan. Korea needs to establish similar policies to increase the contribution of energy from wasteresources in the future.