본 연구는 남북한 간 향후 남북관계 및 교역 재개시 발생 가능한 지적 재산권, 특히 상표권 보장에 대한 쟁점을 살펴보는 데 목적을 두었다. 남 북한의 지식재산권 개념과 법령을 비교해보고, 북한의 지식재산권에 대 한 인식 변화를 설명하였다. 이러한 변화는 개인의 소유권을 부인하는 사회주의 체제를 유지하면서도 탈냉전 등 서방의 시장경제와 대외경제거 래를 해야 하는 북한당국 입장에서 지식재산권을 보호하는 방향으로 제 도적 변화가 일어나고 있음을 보여준다. 남북교역이 재개되면 이전의 남 북교역과 달리 상표권 등록문제로 남북 간 분쟁의 소지가 있다. 따라서 2003년에 남북 상호 간에 상표권 등 지적재산권을 보호하기로 합의한 ‘투자보장 합의서’의 효력을 재발효하고 이를 근거로 지식재산권 관련한 세부합의서가 마련될 필요가 있다. 아울러, 북한기업의 상표가 남한 시장 에 등록이 되는 것보다 중요한 것이 남한 시장 내에서 품질과 가격경쟁 력을 갖추는 것이며, 이를 통해 브랜드 이미지가 제고되어야 한다. 남북 기업이 합영‧합작을 통해 북한 시장 내에서 품질 및 가격경쟁력 제고를 통해 먼저 경쟁력을 갖출 필요가 있으며, 이를 거쳐 남한 시장에 진입할 때에는 관련 기관의 심의를 거쳐 재정지원 및 법적절차의 편의제공 등을 고려해볼 필요가 있다.

From 1970 to 1990, North Korea’s trade mainly carried out maritime trade through ports for countries around the world. This trend is due to UN sanctions against North Korea, and after the third nuclear test in 2016, North Korea gradually became isolated from the outside world as it expanded to include maritime sanctions in the form of comprehensive sanctions targeting an unspecified majority of North Korea. The logistics structure of North Korea is due to the logistics infrastructure left during the Japanese colonial period in the 1950s and the political structure of the country, with railroads being the main source of logistics and passenger transportation, and roads being secondary. North Korea faced rapid deterioration and lack of facilities after 1990 due to the lack of investment in facilities and improvement of the operating system despite the advanced logistics infrastructure and operating system compared to the South. In particular, the power shortage in North Korea hindered the operation of the railroad and accelerated the aging of the railroad facilities, which has continued to this day. In the 2010s, 96% of cargo transportation in North Korea’s logistics infrastructure depended on railroads and roads, and ports that were developed until the 1980s have deteriorated with little investment since the economic crisis of the 1990s. Although some ports have been developed since 2010, North Korea’s east and west coasts are separated and there is no function of shipping to connect ports, so it did not have a significant impact on enhancing the nation’s port capacity. As North Korea’s trade dependence on China has increased, North Korea has largely relied on land transport, except for some cargoes that are advantageous for marine transport, such as coal. This structure again leads to a decrease in investment in ports, and the current vicious cycle of causing problems with North Korean port facilities is repeated. In this study, North Korea’s land and marine trade logistics system such as railway, road, and shipping and the trend of foreign trade due to sanctions against North Korea were analyzed. Through this analysis, it is planned to be used as a basis for developing the routes and scenarios through which major nuclear items can be transferred in the event of denuclearization of North Korea in the future.