Background: Although magnetic resonance imaging is accurate, it is expensive to measure the movement of temporomandibular joint. The three-dimensional (3D) motion analysis system is an inexpensive measurement tool. Objects: This study examined the reliability of quantifying the mouth opening and lateral mandibular shift and differences between individuals with and without temporomandibular disorder (TMD) using the hygienic method of surface markers on the skin with 3D ultrasound-based motion analysis. Methods: This study included 24 subjects (12 with and 12 without TMD). Temporomandibular joint motion during mouth opening was recorded using two surface markers with 3D ultrasound-based motion analysis. An intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC (3,k)] was used to confirm the intrarater reliability of quantifying kinematic temporomandibular joint motion, and an independent t-test was used to evaluate differences in maximal mouth opening and lateral mandibular shift between the two groups. Results: Assessment of mouth opening and lateral mandibular shift showed excellent test–retest reliability with low standard error of measurement. The lateral mandibular shift and opening-lateral mandibular shift ratio were significantly increased in the TMD group during maximum mouth opening (p<.05). However, no significant difference in maximal mouth opening was observed between the groups with and without TMD (p>.05). Conclusion: This hygienic and simple surface marker method can be used to quantify the mouth opening and lateral mandibular shift at the end-range of mouth opening. The TMD group showed an increased lateral mandibular shift movement at the end-range of mouth opening. The lateral mandibular shift movement can be regarded as a symptom in the diagnosis and treatment of TMD.

Background: In the treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder, the goals of traditional physical therapy are not only to reduce the inflammatory process leading to pain, but also to decrease joint overload and muscle hyperactivity. To achieve those goals, physical therapists generally use a photo-therapy, joint mobilization, and massage. Objects: To examine the impact of an unloading technique using non-elastic taping on the pain, opening mouth, functional level, and quality of life in patients with TMJ disorder. Method: Twenty patients with TMJ disorder were included in this study and randomly divided into the experimental (n1=10), and control (n2=10) groups. Traditional physical therapy including massage and stretching for 30 min was performed in both groups. Non-elastic taping was performed in the experimental group after traditional physical therapy, and they were recommended to keep the tape attached for 12 hours. Outcomes for pain, functional level, and quality of life were measured using a survey. The opening mouth was measured using a general ruler. Result: Significant differences were observed in the pain level, opening mouth, functional level, and quality of life after the intervention and on follow-up in both groups. However, we found that while the levels of all parameters were maintained throughout the follow-up period in the experimental group, the functional status level was not maintained throughout the follow-up period in the control group. Conclusion: Our unloading technique using non-elastic tape results comparable to those achieved by traditional physical therapy in the treatment of TMJ. However, the unloading taping method using non-elastic tape is more effective than traditional physical therapy in maintaining the impact of intervention

Although the relationship between temporomandibular disorder and forward head posture (FHP) is controversial, it is generally accepted that altered head posture can affect mandible position and masticatory muscles activity. Because suprahyoid (SH) and infrahyoid (IH) muscles are stretched by increased passive tension in FHP, this study investigated their activity during mouth opening in FHP compared to neutral head posture (NHP). Twenty healthy subjects (10 males and 10 females) participated in this study. Head postures were evaluated with a cervical range of motion instrument. Electromyography (EMG) activity of bilateral SH and IH muscles was measured while an open mouth was maintained at each head posture. Paired t-test was used to identify significant differences in normalized EMG activity between head postures. Statistical significance was set at .01. Results showed the normalized EMG activity of SH and IH muscles were significantly lower in FHP compared to NHP. This finding indicates that FHP affects the EMG activity of hyoid muscles when they are stretched.

인망그물의 어획효율을 향상시키기 위한 기초연구로써 철골 재료를 사용하지 않고 Fig.1과 같은 규격의 부드러운 나일론 천으로 단엽.복엽의 모형 전개깃판을 제작하여 유향과 이루는 영각별 유수저항과 양력을 측정 조사하였고, 이 전개깃판을 그물에 부착하였을 때의 어구의 동적 특성을 모형으로 시험하였다. 또 복엽 전개깃판에 의한 어구의 자동전개조 건에 관해서도 아울러 조사하였다. 이상의 실험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 단엽전개깃판이 유향과 이루는 각도가 30˚일 때 최소의 유수저항으로 최대의 양력을 얻을 수 있었다. 2. 안쪽 전개깃판은 30˚, 바깥쪽 전개깃판은 40˚의 영각이 되도록 복엽 전개깃판을 구성하였을 때 수중 동태가 가장 안정되었고 Fig.1의 (a)와 (c)를 내외 전개깃판으로 하였을 때 최소의 유수저항으로 최대의 양력을 얻을 수 있었다. 3. 유속이 0.4m/sec 일 때 단엽 전개깃판과 복엽 전개깃판의 유수저항은 각각 모형 어구 전체저항의 27% 및 38%를 차지하였다. 4. 모형어구의 자동전개는 두깃판의 전연쪽은 6cm, 후연쪽은 3cm의 간격을 갖고 바깥쪽 전개깃판으 후연을 안쪽 전개깃판의 2/3되는 곳에 고정하고, 바깥쪽 전개깃판의 고삐줄은 전연쪽 간격의 3배 이상으로 길게 하였을 때 가장 효과적이었다.