The purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate Orlando E. Costas' wholistic concept of church growth in order to build a new paradigm of church growth for the future of the Korean Church. His concept was a result of critical reflection for traditional theories of church growth centering around Donald A. McGavran. Whereas he accepts some positive views of those traditional theories, Costas also criticizes some negative contents. Costas' understanding of the church is based on images of the church portrayed in the New Testament. He sees the church as organism, community, and social institution. In his view, the two objectives of the church's call are worship and mission. He understands church growth from a perspective of wholistic mission: while church growth is a natural and imperative result of the wholistic mission of the church, it cannot be an end in itself and is nothing but a sign, a provisional and penultimate goal of God's mission. From a viewpoint of wholistic concept, church growth has complex and multidimensional characteristics that cannot be simply evaluated by some external aspects. The growth of a church should be critically evaluated on the theologically right basis. In this point, qualities and dimensions of growth present some useful insights for overcoming distorted thoughts of church growth and establishing its healthy model. On the one hand, he speaks of spirituality, incarnation, and faithfulness as qualities of growth, which are controlling variables; on the other hand, he speaks of numerical growth, organic growth, conceptual growth, and incarnational growth as dimensions of growth. The church growth movement that started from Donald A. McGavran has had a great effect on the development and the growth of churches around the world including the Korean Church. However, according to changes of the times and their cultural environments, new paradigms of church growth are demanded. In particular, such demand is urgent in the Korean society in which the characteristics of postmodern culture are becoming stronger more and more. In this context, Costas' wholistic concept of growth offers a valuable frame of thought for a new paradigm of the Korean Church's growth. However, his theories must not cease by simply suggesting some theological principles but must be developed into a practical tool for analyzing and evaluating churches in the field.

엘리엇과 울프는 인간의 성에 대한 고정관념을 해체한다. 바로 올랜 도의 올랜도와 황무지의 타이리시어스가 주인공이다. 올랜도는 남성 이었다가 여성의 몸으로 변신하지만 러시아 공주 사샤에 대한 사랑을 간직하고 남성의 마음을 지난 여성으로 양성적 존재가 된다. 울프는 친 구였던 비타 셱빌과 그녀의 가문을 모델로 하여 342년을 살아가는 올랜 도의 이야기를 판타지 형식으로 그렸다. 비타가 여성이어서 가문을 잇 지 못하고 상실하자 울프가 올랜도에서 올랜도의 아들이 대를 잇는 결말로 그녀에게 위로를 주었다고 한다. 가부장적인 사회의 고정된 성 역활에 대하여 해방된 올랜도는 자유로운 여성 작가로 살아가게 된다. 반면 황무지의 타이리시어스는 여성의 젖가슴을 달고 세상을 관찰하 는 예언자의 역할을 벗어나지 못한다. 그가 느낄 수 있는 것은 여성들 의 고통스런 절규를 바라보기만 하는 역할이다. 하지만 엘리엇은 여성 성을 대표하는 화자를 통해 성폭행으로 얼룩진 세상의 공포를 보이고 남성들에 대한 철저한 제비/응징/복수를 외친다. 하지만 체스/전쟁판처럼 세상은 폭력과 복수가 반복되는 아수라장/황무지일 뿐이었다. 유사한 상 황에서 울프는 올랜도를 통해 양성의 이해, 결혼, 진정한 사랑으로 이분 화된 세상을 바로 잡고자 한다. 이처럼 젠더의 개념으로 분석해보면, 마 치 문제지와 답지처럼 올랜도와 황무지는 상호텍스성을 지닌 판타 지의 정수로 해석될 수 있다.