This study aims to develop an English writing model using pattern-based reading materials and to apply it to the elementary classroom. The meaning of “patterns” was searched for in the language learning and teaching methods, and their roles were examined in terms of language acquisition and learning. The writing class was connected to the reading class so that learners could properly model and transfer their forms and meanings of the patterns recognized in the reading class to what they want to write in the writing class. The experiment was conducted on one class of grade 6 elementary school students in which the reading and writing class was integrated into the regular English class during one semester. Six pattern-based reading materials were selected with a range of genres including stories and poems. The effect of the pattern-based reading materials on the writing class was examined through writing test and a questionnaire about the affective domain before and after the experiment. The result showed that writing scores were increased significantly in all the leveled-group learners. As for the affective domain, interest, participation, confidence, and adventure each had a significantly increased score. The sense of adventure increased the most. This is considered attributable to the feedback which ignored grammatically trivial errors and focused on how to properly express the contents learners wanted to write.

The purpose of this study was to develop English writing instruction models in order to improve 1st grade high school students’ writing ability under the communicative framework. A writing pattern ‘describing pictures and making an inference’ was utilized to develop writing instruction models and lesson plans. In order to accommodate a wider range of teachers’ needs in high school, the study took into consideration two teaching conditions, learner proficiency levels (high, mid, and low) and skill integration (listening, writing, and reading, writing) in the development process. A total of five English writing instruction models and lesson plans for different teaching conditions were developed using two chapters extracted from two textbooks. The characteristics of the newly developed models and lesson plans were provided so that teachers can easily modify them for their own needs in the practice. Further, the writing pattern ‘describing pictures and making an inference’ turned out to be quite adaptable to real teaching conditions and seemed to contribute to enhancing students’ creativity as well as their writing skills. At the end, study limitations were discussed.

정확하고 빠른 단어해독은 능숙한 읽기의 척도이자 읽기이해의 주요 예측변인으로서 초기 발달 단계에서 완성되어야 하는 만큼, 초등학교에서의 적절한 단어해독 발달 여부는 중요한 문제이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 초등학생들의 영어 단어해독 능력 발달 정도 및 양상을 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 대도시, 중소도시, 읍면지역의 3개 초등학교 4～6학년 학생 205명을 대상으로 철자유창성, 음소인식, 비단어읽기 검사를 실시하였으며, 학년별 수행의 정도를 비교 분석하였다. 또한, 이들 검사 결과를 항목별, 소리-철자 범주별로 분석하여 학생들의 수행 특성 및 발달 양상을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구의 결과, 4학년은 5～6학년과 다른 집단으로 분류되어 4학년에서 5학년으로 넘어가는 시기의 기초 해득 능력 발달이 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 수행 특성 및 발달 양상 측면에서, 학생들은 모음보다 자음을 더 잘 인식하였으며, 이러한 경향은 4학년에서 더 크게 나타났다. 그리고 소리-철자 관계가 단순한 단음절어는 상대적으로 쉽게 해독한 반면, 소리-철자 관계가 복잡하고 음절의 개수가 많을수록 해독하는 데 많은 어려움을 겪었다. 초등학교 영어 교육이 마무리되는 6학년에서도 해독난이도가 높은 단어들의 해독률은 높지 않아 교육과정의 성취기준 및 파닉스 지도 방법에 대한 재고가 필요하다.

Traditionally the steady-state central section of the vowel length has been assumed to characterize the vowel quality. However, since Peterson and Barney (1952), this position has been challenged especially for American English monophthongal vowels. In this paper, introduced are low-ordered 12 mel-scale frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC), which can characterize the shape of the oral cavity filter for monophthongal vowel production in the mel-scale domain. Four pattern recognition classification models are fitted to the measurements of spectral and cepstral parameters at multiple sections of the vowel duration along with F0, Gender and Duration for the AE vowel signals in the hVd syllable in Hillenbrand et al. (1995). It turns out that pattern recognition classifiers with the cepstral properties outperform those with spectral properties, reaching the perception level of American English listeners’.