본 연구는 인접하게 식재된 서어나무, 갈참나무, 졸참나무, 스트로브잣나무 조림지를 대상으로 2023년 3월부터 2024년 3월까지 낙엽·낙지 부위별 탄소 유입량을 1개월 단위로 조사하였다. 월별 낙엽·낙지에 의한 탄소 유입량의 경우 잎은 모든 수종에서 10월~11월 가장 높았으나 수종 간 최대 유입시기가 다르게 나타났다. 생식기관의 경우 스트로브잣나무는 6월 수꽃(웅화수, male flowers)에 의해, 졸참나무와 갈참나무는 4월과 5월 꽃뿐만 아니라 8월과 9월 도토리 등 종자에 의한 탄소 유입량이 높게 나타났다. 기타 물질에 의한 탄소 유입량은 11월 서어나무와 스트로브잣나무 조림지에서 높게 나타났으며 가지의 경우 불규칙한 월 변동을 보여 월별, 수종별 상호작용 모두 유의성이 없었다(P>0.05). 본 연구에 따르면 낙엽·낙지에 의한 부위별 탄소 유입량은 월별 또는 조림지 간 유의적인 차이(P<0.05)를 나타냈음에도 불구하고 연간 총 탄소 유입량은 조림지 간 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P>0.05).

This research was conducted in order to understand the hybridization between Quercus aliena Blume and Q. serrata Murray in Korea which show wide range of morphological variations within species and interspecific variations of diverse overlapping characteristics caused by hybridization. Morphological analysis (principal components analysis; PCA) of 116 individuals representing two species and their intermediates were performed. As a result, two species were clearly distinguished in terms of morphology, and intermediate morpho-types assumed to be hybrids between the two species were mostly located in the middle of each parent species in the plot of the principal components analysis. There was a clear distinction between two species in trichome distribution pattern which is an important diagnostic character in taxonomy of genus Quercus, whereas intermediate morpho-types showed intermediate state between two species’ trichome distributions. Forty-two individuals representing two species and their intermediates were examined for leaf flavonoid constituents. Twenty-three flavonoid compounds were isolated and identified: They were glycosylated derivatives of flavonols, kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin and myricetin. The flavonoid constituents of Q. aliena were five glycosylated derivatives: kaempferol 3-O-galactoside, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-galactoside, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, and Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside. The flavonoid constituents of Q. serrata had 20 diverse flavonol compounds including five flavonoid compounds found in Q. aliena. It was found that there is a clear difference in flavonoid constituents of Q. aliena and Q. serrata. Flavonoid chemistry is very useful in recognizing each species and putative hybrids. The flavonoid constituents of intermediates were a mixture of the two species’ constituents and they generally showed similar characteristics to morpho-types. The hybrids between Q. aliena and Q. serrata showed morphologically and chemically diverse characteristics and it is assumed that there are frequent interspecific hybridization and introgression.

Morphological characteristics of leaves, trichomes and acorns were investigated in 6-year-old artificial hybrids of Q. aliena × Q. mongolica var. crispula and Q. serrata × Q. mongolica var. crispula. Leaf shapes of Q. aliena × Q. mongolica var. crispula F1 were obovate and resembled to that of Q. aliena. But several characters including the size of leaf and petiole and the shape of leaf base resembled to those of Q. mongolica var. crispula. In F1 hybrids, small stellate hairs distributed sparsely on the abaxial surface and their lay length was intermediate between both parents. There were no big differences on characters of nuts and cupules between both parents and F1 hybrids. Leaf shapes of Q. serrata × Q. mongolica var. crispula F1 were obovate-elliptic, and the leaf shape and leaf base and the length of petiole resembled to those of Q. mongolica var. crispula, but leaf size and serration resembled to those of Q. serrata. The number of serration in a leaf was intermediate between both parents. Small stellate hairs distributed sparsely and large single hairs were mixed on the reverse side of leaves. there were no big differences on the number and size of stellate hairs between F1 hybrid and Q. serrata. It is able to distinguish F1 hybrids from both parents by the size leaf size and shapes, leaf base and serration, petiole length and trichome type in the leaf.