Five novel miniature bipolar radiofrequency (RF) electrode tips with distinct tip geometries (spherical, flat, square, and 45° angled) were developed to enable high-precision tissue ablation. Performance was evaluated on saline-soaked tissue, ex vivo bovine liver, and porcine muscle under consistent RF power settings. All designs produced highly localized lesions only a few millimeters across, confirming precise ablation with minimal damage to surrounding tissue. Tip geometry influenced ablation efficiency: a 45° angled tip created ~5 mm lesions at lower power (highest efficiency), whereas an ultra-fine 1.0 mm tip produced ~1 mm lesions but required higher power. These results indicate that the new bipolar RF electrodes achieve precise, localized tissue ablation with minimal surrounding tissue damage and show promise for precise lesion removal in minimally invasive surgery.

Prognosis of unresectable pancreatic cancer is poor with the rate of surviving more than 5 years is less than 10% despite multi-modalities treatment. The American Society of Clinical Oncology suggested that all patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer should be offered information about clinical trials. Endoscopic ultrasound guided radio frequency ablation has been recently used in patients with advanced stage pancreatic cancer in a few studies. This article has reviewed information from published articles using endoscopic ultrasound guided radio frequency ablation for advanced pancreatic cancer.