To investigate the fishery and fishing ground environment of red horsehead (Branchiostegus japonicus), the author analyzed the fishery data and examined the amount of catches and oceanic environment on the adjacent seas of Jeju island and East China Sea. It was turned out that the favourable season of the red horsehead fishery is the month from March to June, the main fishing ground is located in 60 mile radius from the position 32.5˚N, 125.7˚E. The bottom seawater temperature in fishing ground was shown between l3℃ and 16℃, the salinity was appeared between 33.5 and 34.0psu without the seasonal variation of the year. Concentrations of materials(e.g, NO3- and NO2-) in spring and summer time in main fishing ground were higher than any other seasons, but that of phospheric materials were lower than any other seasons. Concentrations of chlorophyll - α in the main fishing ground was the highest in spring and summer at the surface layer, but the vertical profile of the chlorophyll - α concentrations in all seasons were not variable at bottom layer. Mean density of zooplankton abundance according to the vertical structure was higher and much stable in summer and autumn than spring and winter.