柳宗元(773~819)은 唐代의 정치계･사상계･문학계에서 뚜렷한 업적을 남긴 당송팔 대가 중의 한 분으로서 중국의 산문사(散文史)를 대표할만한 문장가이다. 왕숙문(王 叔文)이 이끄는 혁신집단에 참가하여 정치개혁을 추진하지만 실패하여 14년이라는 긴 세월을 영주(永州)와 유주(柳州) 두 폄적지(貶謫地)에서 보내게 된다. 죄인의 신분 으로 정치적 이상을 펼칠 수 없게 되자 “시대에 도움을 주고 만물에 영향을 주는 道 를 지금 펼칠 수 없다면 마땅히 후세에 남겨야 할 것이다. (輔時及物之道, 不可陳於 今, 則宜垂於後)”라는 신념으로 국가･사회･백성들을 위한 우언을 창작하였다. 따라서 본고에서는 柳宗元의 우언에서 보여주는 “보시급물(輔時及物)”과 “이안원원(利安元 元)”사상에 주안점을 두고 두 사상의 정의와 창작배경을 정리하고 또 이 두 사상이 내포된 우언 작품을 문학적인 관점에서 분석해 보았다.

This paper examines the applicability of formal safety assessment to the passenger ships. This is followed by an analysis of passenger ship characteristics and a proposed formal safety assessment methodology. Five interlocking steps are described to construct a safety model including novel risk assessment, cost-benefit analysis and decision-making approaches. A case study is carried out in order to demonstrate the proposed methodology. Further development in formal safety assessment in the context of passenger ship safety is finally discussed in detail.

The quantitative evaluation method of the safety management cost was suggested to prevent a gas accident as a major industrial accident. In a gas governor station, process risk assessments such as the fault tree analysis(FTA) and the consequence analysis were performed. Based on process risk assessments, potential accident costs were estimated and the cost-benefit analysis(CBA) was performed. From the cost-benefit analysis for five classification items of safety management cost, the order of the cost/benefit ratio was estimated.

Cost-benefit analysis was investigated to propose the analysis method of the effect of investment and the optimum investment level of safety management cost for preventing gas accident in the B governor station. From five classifications of safety management costs consisting of cost items with similar characters and potential accident costs calculated by risk assessments(FMEA/HAZOP), we found that the order of the benefit(the reduction cost of the potential accident cost) was the instrument increase and repair cost > the safety checking and inspection cost > the labor and training cost > the safety equipment and corresponding cost > the research and development cost. As the benefit was increased with increasing the investment cost, the effect of investment was increased with decreasing the Investment cost. As a result, the optimum safety management cost was estimated and the investment level was analyzed by the model of optimum investment level.