국내외적인 다양한 環境의 變化에 직면하게 된 기업들에게는 成長과 發展을 위해 새로운 환경에 대한 적절한 대응이 요청되고 있다. 이 때 기업들이 가장 중요시하고 민감하게 대응해야 하는 것은 경쟁력의 향상을 통한 경쟁우위의 構築과 防禦이다. 국민경제의 海外依存度가 높은 우리나라에서는 기업의 경쟁력을 높이는 하부구조로서 수출입 상품을 효율적으로 수송하는 교통서비스와 綜合物流(logistics)의 구축 및 합리적인 운영이 중요하다. 國際綜合物流(International logistics)의 주요 활동으로서 외항화물운송서비스는 국내기업의 배후지원 기능으로서 뿐만 아니라 貿易外收支 稼得源으로서 주요 역할을 담당하고 있기 때문에 외항화물운송서비스의 경쟁력 제고와 경쟁력을 결정하는 여러 요인들에 대한 硏究의 필요성이 높다. 본 연구는 우리나라 交通서비스 특히 國際運送에 있어 중추적인 역할을 담당하는 해운서비스에 대한 경쟁력 決定要因에 대해 기업차원에서 그 決定要因을 파악하고 因果關係를 규명해보고자 시도하였다. 선행연구와 전문가의 견해에 기초한 여러 變數들로 구성된 설문조사와 實證分析 결과 海運서비스의 경쟁력에 영향을 미치는 要因으로는 對顧客서비스 수준, 관련산업으로서 陸上運送業과의 統合程度, 情報시스템의 정도, 水平的 連繫로서 共同運航의 정도, 船舶量과 컨테이너 용기의 보유정도, 기업가와 전문경영자의 전문능력과 근로의욕, 근로자의 전문능력과 근로의욕 등이 확인되었다. 그리고 해운서비스가 국제성이 강하고 경쟁력이 거의 완전히 노출되어 있기 때문에 근로자, 기업가 및 전문경영자 등 人的資源도 주요한 영향요인으로 나타나고 있다. 이러한 영향요인들을 기초하여 해운서비스 기업의 경쟁력 증대방안들을 제안하였다.

본 연구는 한중정기항로에서 국적선사 활성화 방안에 관한 실증연구이다. 본 연구를 위하여 한중항로의 국적정기선사, 중국적 정기선사, 3국적 정기선사 등의 종사자에 실문지 500매를 배포하여 290매 회수하였으며, 한중정기항로 국적선사 활성화 요인과 물동량 증대효과의 관련성을 검증하기 위하여 먼저, 설문문항의 신뢰성(Reliability)은 크론바하 알파(Cronbach's Alpha)에 의한 내적 일관성 검사법을 통하여 검정하였고, 독립변수의 구성타당성(Construct Validity)을 검정하기 위해서 변수들이 선형결합이라는 가정 하에 요인을 추출하는 주성분 법(Principal Components)을 이용한 요인분석(Factor Analysis)을 실시하였다. 그리고 연구가설을 검증하기 위하여 다변량 회귀분석(Multiple Regression Analysis)을 실시하였다.

The development of Korean shipping industry is maybe defined into three development stages-industry fixing stage, industry coordinating stage, industry development stage-. The development of shipping industry has been depended on the geovernment/authority role such as shipping policy, system, law, rules and regulations. In 1983, Korean shipping industry reorganization and coordination by shipping authority have made our shipping industry on the stable condition together with each company's efforts. Today's world economic environment such WTO/UR negotiation results get this government role limited. According to the being reduced government role, each company's competitive advantage power becomes more important. Besides, korean shipping industry is exposed into the entire and bitter world competition. In order to win and prevent the world shipping competition, it is necessary to look out the competitive advantage power of Korean shipping industry. The first purpose of this study is the situation analysis for competitive advantage power of Korean shipping industry. The second is to compare with our shipping policies with foreign ones concerned with ship, cargo, crew, tax and others. But in order to compare with foreign shipping, this study need their shipping statistics data, this study has some limit of the foreign data. This study has been carried on the basis of the following items. 1. Shipping environment, 2. Ships and ship acquirement(shipbuilding/purchasing), 3. Oceangoing cargo and ship's stowage rate, 4. Human factor in shipping-crew, 5. The incomes and costs in finacial statements. We have some conclusions as following through the this study. First, Korean shipping industry environment-competitive disadvantage situation- has changed rapidly due to the shipping market opening, free market entering of foreign shipping. Second, Korean shipping is disadvantageous due to the high tax rate and financing conditions in connection with ship acquirement. In order to improve the competitive advantage power, the shipping tax system and ship financing conditions should be reviewed to profitable for owners. Third, but both world and Korean oceangoing cargoes quantity have been increased annualy, Korean ship's cargo stowage rate is being decreased. This is serious situation but Korean shipping take well use of foreign vessel with hire. It is recommended to take use of owner's vessel and hired ones in the long range view, considering the world shipping management. But the number of crew has been decreased by 2, 000~3, 000 annualy, it is desirable that the long sea-experienced crew have been increased. Almost of owners usauly complain the crew cost is the main obstacles to competitive advantage power. Human factor is the most important firm's asset. All owners should pay attention to this though, and invest the proper budget to training, education, welfare as much as possible. In the long run this effects could be feedback to owners. Fifth, We must improve the financial statements structure, that is, the first step is to increase income, the second is to decrease cost, the third is to increase income on the same cost, the fourth is to decrease cost on the same income. It is essential to find out what the urgent investment is and what unnecessary cost is. At last, in order to competite world shipping race, each shipping firm must try for himself to retain the power. The government/authority is no longer dependable. I believe that each firm's power will be the industry's power, the industry's power will be the nations's power.