전자 주게-전자 받게 (D-A) 구조를 가지는 퀴녹살린 유도체들을 산 촉매하 탈수 반응과 Suzuki coupling 반응을 이용하여 합성하였다. 퀴녹살린을 중심으로 dimethylaminobenzene (DMAB)과 triphenylamine이 수평방향과 수직방향에 각각 위치한 QxN2TPA, 그리고 동일한 구조에 DMAB와 methoxy substituted triphenylamine이 조합된 QxN2TPAOME를 합성하였다. UV-visible 분광법 및 순환 전압 전류법을 이용하여, 합성된 유기 단분자들의 광학 및 전기화학적 특성 분석을 실시하였다. QxN2TPA, QxN2TPAOME의 최대 흡수 파장은 THF 용액에서 각각 308, 313 nm를 나타내었으며, HOMO 및 LUMO 에너지 준위는 각각 QxN2TPA(-5.12, -2.98 eV), QxN2TPAOME(-5.01, -2.98 eV)를 나타내었다. 또한, 합성된 퀴녹살린 유도체들을 다양한 용매에 대하여 우수한 용매 의존 발색 효과를 나타내었는데, 이는 분자 내 전하 전달 과정을 통하여 생성된 큰 극성을 지니는 여기상태의 분자 에너지가 용매의 극성이 증가할수록 안정화되는 전자 주게 및 전자 받게 구조를 갖는 공액 물질의 특성에 기인한다.

Although assisted reproductive technology (ART) has been developed in many mammalian species including cows, the only embryo preservation technology that is available is cryopreservation. In the present study, small molecules were used to preserve embryos at room temperature. The basic medium for embryo preservation consisted of 1% BSA non-cryopreservation medium (BNC) instead of fetal bovine serum (FBS). To maintain survival and prevent damage during embryo storage, three candidate small molecules were selected—CHIR99021, Y-27632 and Thiazovivin—and their concentrations were optimized. Then, the embryos in the small molecule supplemented preservation medium were stored at room temperature. The viability and hatching rate of embryos stored at 10°C were greater for Y-27632-BNC and CHIR99021+Y-27632-BNC compared to BNC. However, the rate was lower for Thiazovivin-BNC compared to BNC. Although there were no surviving embryos after storage at 20°C, the viability and hatching rate of embryos significantly increased in Y-27632-BNC and CHIR99021+Y-27632-BNC compared to BNC. The mechanism by which small molecules enhance survival of embryos during storage was investigated, and expression of heat shock protein 70 was observed to increase. The findings of this work may be useful in improving ART in the agricultural field.

Development of white light emitting materials has been an interesting area for scientists and scientists have developed many organic, polymer and inorganic materials for white electroluminescent devices. Among them, single component small molecules gave best results in terms of efficiency, simplicity of device fabrication, and CIE values. Therefore, this review covers detailed discussion about syntheses of small compounds used in white organic light emitting devices until 2007.