Microbial proteases are more economical than plant- and animal-derived proteases due to their ease of production and high activity. This study aimed to optimize the production of proteases from fermentative food-derived microorganisms. Five strains with proteolytic activity among 50 Bacillus sp. were first screened. Two strains with high protease activity were identified: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SRCM 102139 and Bacillus subtilis SRCM 104999. SRCM 102139 strain and SRCM 104999 strain had the highest protease activity in 0.8% glucose and 0.3% yeast extract, and in 0.8% starch and 0.1% soy peptone, respectively. The production of protease for two strains was optimized by the Central Composite Design (CCD) under response surface methodology. The optimal conditions for protease production in SRCM 102139 were 0.5% and 0.347%, pH 6.0, for carbon (glucose) and nitrogen (yeast extract springer 0202) sources, respectively, with a predicted value of 0.929 U/mL. Additionally, the optimal conditions for protease production in SRCM 104999 were 0.5% and 0.5%, pH 6.7, for carbon (starch) and nitrogen (soy peptone HSP-349) sources, respectively, with a predicted value of 0.431 U/mL. The actual protease activities of SRCM 102139 and SRCM 104999 under the established conditions were 0.926 U/mL and 0.428 U/mL, respectively, closely matching the predicted values.

Corni Fructus (CF) is a fruit of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. and has been used as traditional oriental medicine. It has various functional qualities such as being antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antihyperglycemic, and immunity-regulating. In the current study, CF was extracted from two conventional extract solvents (distilled water (DW) and 70% ethanol) with/without high-speed homogenization (HSH) treatments. The extract was characterized by measuring the total polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities. The HSH treatment significantly improved the total polyphenol content (from 28.4±0.9 mg/mL to 35.5±0.9 mg/mL), ABTS (from 59.8±0.4% to 78.4±2.7%), and DPPH radical scavenging activities (from 50.8±1.4% to 59.7±2.8%) of the DW extract and showed a level similar to that of 70% ethanol extract. The CF extracts were further used to prepare functional jelly with gelatin and other components such as pectin, fructooligosaccharide, and citric acid. The jelly’s hardness, springiness, gumminess, and cohesiveness were characterized using a texture profile analysis (TPA).

This study was conducted to evaluate the acceptability of cured cooked boneless chicken drumettes as a raw material for Chuncheon Dakgalbi and to observe its effect on pH, lipid oxidation, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) content and total viable count (TVC) during refrigerated storage under vacuum. Boneless chicken drumettes were dry cured with a mixed curing agent (0.20% w/w) consisting of sodium chloride (93.1%), sodium nitrite (5.9%) and sodium bicarbonate (1.0%) for 24 h at 2±2℃. Cured samples were cooked using an oven at 150℃ for 20 min and stored at 5.5±0.5℃ for 60 days under vacuum. Non-cured cooked sample was used as a control. Sensory evaluation was performed on day 2 of storage using 22 untrained panelists and samples were mixed with Dakgalbi sauce and reheated using a microwave for 2 min. There were no significant differences between control and treatment group on appearance, flavor, texture, juiciness and overall acceptability. Cured cooked boneless chicken drumettes had significantly (p<0.05) higher pH, lower lipid oxidation, VBN and TVC consistently during storage in comparison with control. These results suggest that dry curing could be applied to boneless chicken drumettes as raw material for Chuncheon Dakgalbi and could extend its shelf life during refrigerated storage under vacuum.

전자 주게-전자 받게 (D-A) 구조를 가지는 퀴녹살린 유도체들을 산 촉매하 탈수 반응과 Suzuki coupling 반응을 이용하여 합성하였다. 퀴녹살린을 중심으로 dimethylaminobenzene (DMAB)과 triphenylamine이 수평방향과 수직방향에 각각 위치한 QxN2TPA, 그리고 동일한 구조에 DMAB와 methoxy substituted triphenylamine이 조합된 QxN2TPAOME를 합성하였다. UV-visible 분광법 및 순환 전압 전류법을 이용하여, 합성된 유기 단분자들의 광학 및 전기화학적 특성 분석을 실시하였다. QxN2TPA, QxN2TPAOME의 최대 흡수 파장은 THF 용액에서 각각 308, 313 nm를 나타내었으며, HOMO 및 LUMO 에너지 준위는 각각 QxN2TPA(-5.12, -2.98 eV), QxN2TPAOME(-5.01, -2.98 eV)를 나타내었다. 또한, 합성된 퀴녹살린 유도체들을 다양한 용매에 대하여 우수한 용매 의존 발색 효과를 나타내었는데, 이는 분자 내 전하 전달 과정을 통하여 생성된 큰 극성을 지니는 여기상태의 분자 에너지가 용매의 극성이 증가할수록 안정화되는 전자 주게 및 전자 받게 구조를 갖는 공액 물질의 특성에 기인한다.

최근 합성첨가물에 대한 소비자들의 거부감이 증가하면서 천연물 유래하는 항산화제, 항균제 등의 개발에 대한 연구가 증가하고 있다. 어성초(Hottuynia cordata)는 흔히 약모밀로 불리는 다년생 초본의 야생약초로서, 항균, 항암, 항바이러스 등의 다양한 생리활성 기능이 있다고 알려져 있으며, 이러한 다양한 효능은 어성초 부위와 추출 방법에 따라 다양한 생리활성물질 때문으로 알려져 왔다. 본 연구에서는 어성초의 잎과 뿌리를 이용하여 열수 추출과 70% 에탄올 추출을 하면서 초음파(ultrasonication) 처리 유무에 따른 추출물의 항산화 및 항균 효과를 비교하였다. 열수 추출에서는 건조된 잎줄기와 뿌리 분말 30 g을 300 mL의 증류수에 넣고, 80℃에서 24시간 추출하여 상등액을 취하고, 다시 같은 양의 증류수로 3회 반복하여 추출하였다. 용매 추출은 각 분말 30 g을 300 mL의 70% 에탄올에 넣고 밀폐시킨 후 40℃ 오븐에서 24시간 추출한 후 상등액을 취하고, 같은 방법으로 3회 반복하여 추출하였다. 열수 추출과 용매 추출 방법에서 초음파 처리에 의한 효과를 비교하기 위해 분말을 증류수 또는 에탄올에 침지 시킨 후 probe type의 초음파기로 20분 동안 처리 한 후 24시간 동안 추출하였다. 추출물은 감압 농축 후 동결건조하여 항산화 및 항균 효과를 평가하였다. ABTS 라디칼 소거활성 결과 잎줄기 추출물이 뿌리 추출물에 비해 항산화 효과가 우수하였고, 열수 추출보다는 에탄올 추출이 효과가 높았으며, 초음파 처리를 병행한 경우 유의적인 증가를 보였다. 잎줄기를 초음파를 병행한 에탄올 추출조건에서 RC50값이 1.09 mg/mL로 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었다.

Quality assessment of sweet persimmon or “Fuyu” was evaluated over room temperature distribution periods after 40-day storage at 0oC cold room. All Hunter’s values (L, a, and b) of sweet persimmon were significantly decreased after 4-day room temperature distribution while the flesh firmness was drastically decreased after 3-day room temperature distribution. Glucose and fructose contents were significantly increased by the degradation of sucrose after 3-day room temperature distribution. The highest extraction yield was obtained in the flesh of persimmon. Extraction yields of each part of “Fuyu” persimmon were 15.53% for flesh, 10.53 for seed, and 13.83 for flower bud. However, the total phenolic content of flesh was 4.8 μg/mg which was extremely lower than that of the seed (175.5 μg/ mg) and flower bud (178.2 μg/mg) of sweet persimmon. With high phenolic content, both the flower bud and seed of sweet persimmon showed excellent antioxidant activities by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis( 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging test. The results showed a great potential for byproducts (seed and flower bud) of long-term, cold-stored sweet persimmon “Fuyu” as a good antioxidant material for novel functional foods.

본 논문은 유글레나조류의 분류 및 생태에 관한 선행된 연구결과들을 종합 정리하고, 이를 환경교육에 접목하기 위한 것이다. 유글레나조류는 편모가 1-4개이며 다양한 수계에서 플랑크톤으로 생활하는 단세포 미세조류로서, 우리나라 전역에서 채집 조사된 종류는 종 하위 분류군을 포함하여 3목 4과 9속 168 분류군으로 정리된다. Euglena속과 Strombomonas속은 유기물 오염이 심한 도시 하천과 연못 등에 번무하였으며, Trachelomonas, Ph