본 연구의 목적은 리브랜딩 과정에서 브랜드 아이덴티티 변화가 광고 커뮤니케이션 내러티브에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 기아의 리브랜딩 전후 슈퍼볼 광고 4편을 대상으로 그레마스의 행위자 모델과 토도로프의 서사 구조 이론을 적용하여 비교·분석하였다. 분석 결 과, 리브랜딩 이전 광고는 자동차 성능과 주행 환경을 강조하는 기능 중 심 내러티브로 구성되었으며, 자동차는 물리적 장애를 극복하는 기술적 조력자로서의 역할을 수행하였다. 반면, 리브랜딩 이후 광고는 소비자의 일상과 감정적 여정을 중심으로, 자동차가 삶의 동반자로 변화하며 인간 적 가치를 전달하는 내러티브 구조로 전환되었다. 이러한 변화는 기아가 모빌리티 솔루션 기업으로 전환하는 브랜드 정체성을 반영한 것으로, 광 고 내러티브가 기술적 성취에서 정서적 공감과 사회적 메시지로 확장된 사례로 평가된다. 본 연구는 광고 내러티브 연구를 확장하는 동시에 브 랜드 커뮤니케이션 전략 수립에 이론적·실무적 시사점을 제공한다.

본 연구는 캐릭터 아크(Character Arc)와 트랜스 아이덴티티(Trans Identity) 이론을 결합하여 영화 <사바하> 주요 인물들의 내적 변화와 정 체성 전환 과정을 분석하였다. 연구 목적은 캐릭터 중심 서사 중 다중 캐릭터 간 상호작용이 서사의 복합성과 입체성을 증진하는지를 규명하는 데 있다. 연구 결과, 첫째, 박웅재는 종교적 회의와 세속적 욕망을 극복 하며 진정한 신앙으로 귀환하는 긍정적 변화 아크를 완성하였다. 둘째, 정나한은 거짓된 신념에서 벗어나 자신의 정체성을 재정립하였다. 셋째, 김제석은 거짓된 신념에 집착한 끝에 자멸하며 부정적 변화 아크의 전형 을 보여준다. 넷째, 세 캐릭터 간의 상호작용은 각자의 정체성 전환을 촉 진하며 서사의 주요 동력으로 작용하였다. 인물 간 상호작용이 정체성 변화와 서사 구조의 복합성을 심화시키는 과정을 구체적으로 규명했으 며, 창작 실무에서 설득력 있는 캐릭터 구축을 위한 가이드를 제공한다. 나아가 후속 연구로 캐릭터 아크와 트랜스 아이덴티티의 적용을 다양한 장르와 서사체로 확장할 필요성을 제안한다.

This study compared and analyzed fish communities and mortality rates based on different survey methods (mesh size and retrieval frequency) of stationary nets, which are actively used in freshwater fish surveys in Korea, and proposed an appropriate survey method. Field surveys were conducted on the mainstream of the Nakdong River from May to June 2022 through a total of 10 times of fyke net surveys. The number of species and individuals collected varied significantly depending on the mesh size of the net (5 mm vs. 15 mm) (P<0.001), and larger species with an average total length of over 9 cm were mainly collected in the 15 mm mesh. However, the number of species (P=0.684) and individuals (P=0.100) collected did not show statistically significant differences depending on retrieval frequency (once/24 hours vs. twice/24 hours). In contrast, the mortality rate of fish differed based on all survey methods (mesh size, P<0.001; retrieval frequency, P<0.05), with mortality decreasing as the mesh size increased and retrieval frequency increased. Fyke nets are one of the standard fishing gears used in freshwater fish research in Korea, and to ensure species diversity, it is recommended to maintain the current standard mesh size of 5 mm. However, reducing the current 48-hour deployment time or increasing the retrieval frequency could lower the mortality rate. Furthermore, future research should focus on the differences in fish communities based on the combination of fishing gears commonly used in Korea to improve fish survey methodologies suitable for domestic freshwater environments.

현재, 교통안전진단의 경우 차량 및 보행자의 교통사고를 미연에 방지하고 도로의 전체적인 안전을 도모하고자, 교통안전법 제34조 에 의거하여, 수행 조건에 부합한 경우 교통안전진단을 받도록 규정하고 있다. 교통안전진단의 경우 도로의 구분에 따라 다른 기준을 적용하고 있으며, 도로별 길이를 기준으로 수행 여부를 판단하고 있다. 교통안전진단의 경우 도로의 설계단계, 개시 전 단계 및 운영단계 등 3가지로 구분되어 수행되고 있으며, 각각의 단계별로 진단 수행 내용 및 범위가 조금씩 다르게 진행된다. 설계 단계에서의 교통안전진단의 경우, 해당 도로의 실시 설계 내용을 바탕으로 도로의 안전 을 판단하며, 개시 전 단계의 경우 도로의 신설 이후 운영 전 도로의 안전을 평가한다. 마지막으로 운영 단계의 교통안전진단의 경우 현재 운영 중인 도로에 대하여 도로의 안전을 평가하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 진단단계별 교통안전진단 중 도로 설계단게에서 수행 시 발생될 수 있는 한계점을 파악하고, 이를 보완할 수 있는 방 안을 제시하여 그 효과를 분석하고자 한다. 또한, 국제 기준으로 운영되고 있는 iRAP(International Road Assessment Programme)의 SR4D( Star Rating for Design)을 통해 설계단계의 교통안전진단 수행 시 효과적이고 안전한 진단결과를 도출해내고자 한다.

This study presents a fine scale distribution of the endangered species, Odontobutis obscura, through field surveys and literature reviews. Using the mark-recapture method, the population size in major habitats was determined. Field surveys conducted on 18 streams in Geoje Island revealed that the O. obscura was only found in the main streams and tributaries of the Sanyang, Gucheon, and Buchun Streams, which are part of the Sanyang Stream watershed. The O. obscura exhibited relative abundances ranging from 0.5% to 35.3% at different locations, with certain spots showing higher relative abundances (18.8% to 35.3%), indicating major habitat areas. A review of six literature studies confirmed the presence of the O. obscura, although there were differences in occurrence status depending on the purpose, scope, and duration of the studies. Combining the results of field and literature surveys, it was found that the O. obscura inhabits the main and tributary streams of the Sanyang, Gucheon, and Buchun Streams, from the upper to lower reaches. Currently, the O. obscura population in the Sanyang Stream watershed maintains a stable habitat, but its limited distribution range suggests potential issues such as genetic diversity deficiency in the long term. The population size of the O. obscura was confirmed at two specific locations, with densities of 0.5 to 1.5 individuals per m2. The average movement distance from the release point was 13.1 m, indicating the limited mobility characteristic of ambush predators. Understanding the distribution and population size of endangered species is the first step towards their conservation and protection. Based on this information, further research could significantly contribute to the conservation of the O. obscura.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to identify the causes and expected problems of traffic flow in connection with ground roads that are expected to become stagnant owing to the increase in underground road infrastructure, and to derive methods to solve the problem in the future. METHODS : The basic design of underground roads is similar to that of tunnels. However, there is a point where the slope is large as the entering and exiting sections move underground. The ability of a heavy vehicle to assume a mound may vary depending on the slope. Therefore, in this study, a connection path section with a long slope was constructed using VISSIM, a simulation program, and it was verified whether analysis related to the slope and heavy vehicles in an underground road can be performed in the simulation. Subsequently, an analysis was conducted by setting a scenario and an effect index. In particular, this study analyzes internal delay patterns in the event of an unexpected situation on an underground connection road by performing shock wave analysis to analyze speed reduction according to heavy vehicles and slopes. RESULTS : A correlation between the slope of the underground road and decrease in the average speed according to the increasing rate of heavy vehicles was established. It was also possible to analyze the maximum length and duration of the delay connected to the rear in the event of a delay in the underground road and the shock wave speed transmitted to the rear. The analysis showed that the rate of increase in problems owing to delays ranged from 5% to 20% for the ratio of heavy vehicles. In particular, all effect scales increased significantly at a 9% slope. CONCLUSIONS : This study analyzes the causes of land congestion (slope and heavy vehicle mixing rate), which can be a major problem in underground roads in the future. In the future, by establishing lane-specific speed control strategies and lane control strategies based on this study, it will be necessary to derive solutions such as introducing traffic safety on the underground road by minimizing the shock wave delivered to the rear by providing information on traffic communication conditions inside the underground road to individual vehicles.

PURPOSES : This study sought ways to connect urban above ground roads and underground roads to utilize urban space more efficiently in the development of underground roads, which are currently under development in order to alleviate problems caused by oversaturated above-ground roads. A simulation analysis was performed to develop an operation strategy that connects above-ground and underground roads to prevent congestion in above-ground areas such as entrances and exits from transferring to underground roads as well as to present its effectiveness. METHODS : Traffic efficiency analysis according to the operation strategy of above ground and underground roads was conducted using VISSIM, a microscopic traffic simulation software. The functions implemented in VISSIM were collected to set effectiveness analysis indicators for each underground road operation strategy. The Shinwol-Yeoui Underground Road was selected as the spatial scope of this study, and a surrounding road network was constructed. In addition, full-scale simulation analysis preparations were completed by performing network calibration based on the actual traffic attribute data of underground and surrounding surface roads within the construction scope. Accordingly, a traffic efficiency evaluation analysis was conducted based on the underground road operation strategy. CONCLUSIONS : Information on the increase in traffic volume within the Shinwol-Yeoui underpass was collected every 15 min. The analysis was divided into an analysis of the traffic situation within the underpass through demand control when the service level reached level D and an analysis of when demand control was not performed. It was found that demand control was necessary for the Shinwol-Yeoui Underpass when the internal traffic volume reached 2,500 vehicles/h. In addition, to analyze the spread of traffic and congestion owing to the weaving phenomenon caused by lane changes in the underpass, an analysis was conducted to observe the traffic improvement effect when full lane changes are possible for the Shinwol-Yeoui Underground Road, which currently has some lane-change-permitted sections. The analysis showed that both the maximum traffic volume and average travel speed showed better results when lane changes were allowed, and the communication situation at Yeoui JCT was found optimal.

In this study, we investigated the microstructure and piezoelectric properties of 0.96(K0.456Na0.536)Nb0.95Sb0.05-0.04 Bi0.5(Na0.82K0.18)0.5ZrO3 (KNNS-BNKZ) ceramics based on one-step and two-step sintering processes. One-step sintering led to significant abnormal grain (AG) growth at temperatures above 1,085 °C. With increasing sintering temperature, piezoelectric and dielectric properties were enhanced, resulting in a high d33 = 506 pC/N for one-step specimen sintered at 1,100 °C (one-step 1,100 °C specimen). However, for one-step 1,115 °C specimen, a slight decrease in d33 was observed, emphasizing the importance of a high tetragonal (T) phase fraction for superior piezoelectric properties. Achieving a relative density above 84 % for samples sintered by the one-step sintering process was challenging. Conversely, two-step sintering significantly improved the relative density of KNNS-BNKZ ceramics up to 96 %, attributed to the control of AG nucleation in the first step and grain growth rate control in the second step. The quantity of AG nucleation was affected by the duration of the first step, determining the final microstructure. Despite having a lower T phase fraction than that of the one-step 1,100 °C specimen, the two-step specimen exhibited higher piezoelectric coefficients (d33 = 574 pC/N and kp = 0.5) than those of the one-step 1,100 °C specimen due to its higher relative density. Performance evaluation of magnetoelectric composite devices composed of one-step and twostep specimens showed that despite having a higher g33, the magnetoelectric composite with the one-step 1,100 °C specimen exhibited the lowest magnetoelectric voltage coefficient, due to its lowest kp. This study highlights the essential role of phase fraction and relative density in enhancing the performance of piezoelectric materials and devices, showcasing the effectiveness of the two-step sintering process for controlling the microstructure of ceramic materials containing volatile elements.

This study analyzed the monitoring results of fishways at 16 weirs constructed on four large Rivers to provide data helpful for the operation and management of fishways. The average utilization rate of the fishways at the weirs was confirmed to be 64.9%. When comparing the dominant species in the mainstream and fishway monitoring results, differences were observed in 9 weirs (56.3%). This indicated that the species prevalent in the mainstream were not necessarily the ones most frequently using the fishways. The average number of individuals using the fishways per day was 336. When classifying the fish species using the fishway by life type, 92.3% were primary freshwater fish, and migratory species accounted for only 5.6%. Analysis based on the season of fishway usage revealed that an average or higher number of fish species used the fishways from May to October, with the highest number of individual users occurring from June to August. Between May and July, 80% of the fish species using the fishways were in their spawning period, while during other season, less than 40% were species that move during the spawning period. The fishways that showed a significant alignment between the spawning period and the fishway passage period were Rhinogobius brunneus, Leiocassis nitidus, Squalidus chankaensis tsuchigae, Pseudogobio esocinus, Acheilognathus rhombeus, and Pungtungia herzi, in that order. When comparing the fishway monitoring results of the Gangjeong-Goryeong Weir and the Dalseong Weir with the upper part water level of the weir, both the number of fish species and individuals using the fishway showed positive correlations with the upper part water level of the weir. This suggests that a higher water level of the weir increases the inflow discharge within the fishway, leading to increased use by fish (number of individuals in Gangjeong-Goryeong Weir, P<0.001; number of species in Dalseong Weir, P<0.05). This study summarized and analyzed the results of fishway monitoring at 16 weirs built on four large Rivers, considering fishway efficiency, operation and management, monitoring period, and regulation of water level in the upper part of the weir. It is thought that this will help understand the status of fish use in fishways on large River and aid the construction, operation, and management of fishways in the future.

Fish assemblage of total 325 of Korean peninsula estuaries were surveyed to analyze the characteristics of community structure and diversity by sea areas for three years from 2016 to 2018. The scale (stream width) of Korean estuaries were various (14~3,356 m), and 68.9% of all estuaries showed salinity of less than 2 psu. Total 149 species classified into 52 families of fish were identified, and the dominant and sub-dominant species were Tribolodon hakonensis (relative abundance, RA, 12.5%) and Mugil cephalus (RA, 9.5%), respectively. The estuary of the Korean Peninsula had different physical and chemical habitat environments depending on the sea area, and accordingly, fish community structure also showed statistically significant differences (PERMANOVA, Pseudo-F=26.69, P=0.001). In addition, the NMDS (nonmetric multidimensional scaling) results showed the patterns that indicating fish community difference by sea areas, even though low community similarity within sea area (SIMPER, 21.79~26.39%). The estuaries of east sea areas were distinguished from the others in the aspects of which, the higher importance of migratory fishes and endangered species, and that of brackish species were characterized at south sea estuaries. However, the estuaries of west sea showed higher importance of species that have a relation with freshwater (primary freshwater species, exotic species), which is the result that associating with the lower salinity of west sea estuaries because of the high ratio of closed estuaries (78.2%). The SIMPER analysis, scoring the contribution rates of species to community similarity, also showed results corresponding to the tendency of different fish community structures according to each sea area. So far, In Korea, most studies on fish communities in estuaries have been conducted in a single estuary unit, which made it difficult to understand the characteristics of estuaries at the national level, which are prerequisite for policy establishment. In present study, we are providing fish community structure characteristics of Korean estuaries in a national scale, including diversity index, habitat salinity ranges of major species, distribution of migratory species. We are expecting that our results could be utilized as baseline information for establishing management policies or further study of Korean estuaries.

This study was conducted on October 23, 2020 at the Cheongpyeong Reservoir located in Seorakmyeon, Gapyeong-gun, Gyeonggi-do, and analyzed the horizontal and vertical distribution patterns of fish based on data obtained using fishfinder. The total surface area of fishfinder survey conducted was 782,853 m2, and where the water depth (WD) ranges from 10 m to 12 m is widest which 31.7% of total surface area. As a result of the heat map analysis, fish density was highest at right bank under the Gapyeong-bridge, but there was no specific pattern in horizontal distribution of fish. As a result of vertical distribution of fish analysis, 86.6% of fishes are observed at below 6 m of the fish depth (FD, distance from water surface to fish). As a result of the relative height (RH, water depth-distance from bottom to fish ratio) analysis, there was a tendency that fishes are distributed in near surface area more as the WD increased. This tendency could have various reasons such as water temperature gradient along the water depth, and further studies are required for detailed explanation.

본 논문은 지상파 기반의 측위·항법·시각(PNT, Positioning, Navigation, and Timing) 서비스의 대표격인 eLoran(enhance LOng RAnge Navigation) 시스템의 시각동기 성능 모니터링 시스템의 설계에 관한 것으로서, GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite System)의 신호 취약성에 따른 시각동기시스템의 한계에 대해 설명하고, 이에 대한 백업시스템으로 대표적 지상파항법시스템인 eLoran 시스템의 시각동기 성능모니터링 시스템에 대해 중점적으로 다룬다. eLoran 시스템을 이용한 시각동기 서비스 및 이에 대한 성능감시를 위한 보정기준국(dLoran, differential Loran) 관점에서의 시각동기 성능모니터링 시스템의 구성과 그 요구성능에 대해 설명한다. 또한 eLoran 테스트베드 환경 내 시각동기 모니터링 시스템의 장기 시범운영을 통해서, eLoran 시각동기서비스의 성능을 분석한다. 시각동기 성능모니터링 시스템을 이용한 성능 분석결과 보정 전 43.71 ns, 보정 후 22.52 ns (rms)의 시각정밀도를 나타내었으며, 이를 통해서 정밀시각 동기원으로 eLoran 서비스가 충분히 GPS 백업 시각동기시스템으로 활용이 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다.

국제해사기구는 항해 목적으로 사용 가능한 위성항법시스템의 요구 성능을 명시적으로 규정하고 있다. 2019년 이전까지 국제 해사기구는 항해용으로 이용이 가능한 위성항법시스템에 전지구 서비스가 가능한 시스템만을 인정해 왔으나, 최근 인도 지역위성항법시 스템을 승인하면서 지역위성항법시스템도 해양 이용이 가능해졌다. 지금까지 국제해사기구는 GPS를 비롯해 총 5개의 위성항법시스템, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou, NavIC 이용을 승인하였다. 우리나라에서는 NavIC을 제외한 4개 위성항법시스템 이용이 가능할 뿐만 아니라 아직 승인을 받지 못한 일본의 지역위성항법시스템, QZSS의 수신도 가능한 상황이다. 일본은 QZSS의 해양이용을 본격화하기 위해 국제해 사기구에 QZSS의 WWRNS 승인을 요청하였다. QZSS의 이용범위는 일본 영해에 한정하지 않고, 우리나라 관할해역을 포함하고 있다는 점에서 해사안전을 위해 QZSS 국내 이용의 적합성 분석은 매우 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 본 논문은 국내 항해를 위한 QZSS 활용에 적합성을 분석하고자 한다. 이를 위해 QZSS 서비스 현황과 계획에 대해 먼저 알아보고, WWRNS로 인정을 받기 위해 국제해사기구가 요구하는 성능에 대해 살펴본다. 그리고 적합성 분석을 위해 본 논문에서 수행한 방법과 환경조건에 대해 설명하고, 측위정확도와 가용성 측면에서 분석된 결과를 제시하며, 분석결과가 갖는 의미에 대해 논한다.

본 연구는 환경부 멸종위기야생생물 1급으로 지정되어 있는 남방동사리의 분포와 서식지 특성을 확인하였다. 조사는 남방동사리의 주요 서식지로 알려져 있는 산양천 수계 (산양천, 구천천, 유입 지천)에서 이루어졌으며, 2016년 4월과 8월에 현장조사가 이루어졌다. 조사 결과 산양천 하류 S1~S3 지점을 제외한 전체 지점에서 남방동사리의 서식이 확인되었다. 서식 범위가 유입지천의 최상류에서 염도의 영향을 받지 않는 산양천 최하류까지이며, 남방동사리가 1차담수어이기 때문에 염도가 서식에 가장 큰 제한 요인이었다. 이외 서식처 및 산란처로 활용되는 하상구조가 중요한 요인으로 확인되었으며, 서식이 확인된 모든 지점에서 작은돌 (cobble) 크기 이상이 50% 이상을 차지하였다. 남방동사리의 상세한 분포지역이 본 연구에서 처음 보 고가 될 정도로 국내 서식하는 남방동사리에 대한 연구가 매우 부족하다. 따라서, 이러한 남방동사리의 보호 전략을 마련하기 위해서는 남방동사리의 생리, 생태에 대한 과학 적인 연구가 이루어질 필요성이 있다.

This study was conducted to assess the effect of acidification of pig slurry on nitrogen (N) mineralization and its environmental impacts during pig slurry fermentation. Different inorganic and organic acids were used to acidify pig slurry. Four treatments including non-acidified pig slurry (control), pig slurry acidified with sulfuric acid, lactic acid, and citric acid were allocated with three replications. The total N content in the acidified pig slurry was higher than non-acidified pig slurry after fermentation. Acidification tended to increase total N content in pig slurry. Ammonium N (NH4 +-N) released from pig slurry was obviously increased at 7 days after incubation, representing 61.4%, 36.8%, and 37.4% increase in the acidified pig slurry with sulfuric acid, lactic acid, and citric acid, respectively. Nitrate N (NO3 --N) in the acidified pig slurry with sulfuric acid was the highest throughout the experiment period, but non-significant effect of organic acid. A large portion of ammonia (NH3) emission occurred within 10 days, corresponding to more than 55% of total NH3 emission. Total cumulative NH3 emission during the experimental period was lower 91% (2.9 mg N kg-1), 78% (7.3 mg N kg-1), and 81% (6.2 mg N kg-1) in the acidified pig slurry with sulfuric acid, lactic acid, and citric acid, respectively, than non-acidified pig slurry (32.7 mg N kg-1). These results suggest that acidification of pig slurry (particularly with sulfuric acid) can be faced as a good strategy to reduce NH3 emission without depressing the mineralization process.