In this paper, we compared and analyzed the performance of the GPS L1/L2 signal with GPS L1 using the navigation system. Generally the GPS receiver calculates the position of the satellite by using the ephemeris data recevied from GSP Satellites, and also calculates the position of its own using the pseudorange. This paper provides an overview of the device which can receive an GPS L1/L2, and compares the GPS L1 with the GPS L2 signal power using the simulator. It was confirmed that the GPS L1/L2 receiver and the GPS L1 receiver met the requirements of standards and it is similar to the navigation performance of the GPS L1 Receiver with the GPS L1/L2 receiver. It was also confirmed that the GPS L2 band can not correct ionospheric error in the navigation system of the combat vehicle.

Membrane distillation (MD) is a thermally driven desalination process with a hydrophobic membrane. MD process has been known to have a lower fouling potential compared to other pressure-based membrane desalination process (NF, RO). However, membrane fouling also occurs in MD process. In this study, the membrane fouling was observed in MD process according to the pre-treatment processes. The filtration and precipitation processes were applied as the pre-treatment to prevent the membrane fouling. The pore sizes of roughing filters were 0.4, 5, 10, 30, and 60 ㎛. The concentration of the coagulant was 1.2 mg/L as FeCl3. The membrane fouling on MD membrane was successfully removed with both pre-treatment processes.

Utterly in Their Collocation Patterns and Stand-Alone Use. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 22(2), 91-110. This paper analyzes the maximizers absolutely and utterly in discourse, focusing especially on their collocation patterns and stand-alone use. I have elucidated the connection between their combinations in their dependent use and stand-alone use. This study connects the manners of stand-alone use of absolutely and utterly to their collocation patterns in dependent use. Absolutely strongly tends to collocate with positive lexical items, and frequently with an affirmative token, thus absolutely appears in stand-alone use, often as a response token, whereas utterly never occurs in independent use. The stand-alone form tends to be a better fit for interactive pragmatic roles, such as turn initiation, which is used to respond to a prior speaker, absolute acknowledgment, agreement, pre-closing signal, solidarity, and the floor-holding and bridging devices. The larger relevance of this study is to understand the impact of language use, and analyze these words' collocations and stand-alone use. (169)

Recent research on stand-alone focused on the improvement and development of functions for solving problems such as the limited operating time of stand-alone installed at dwelling and their low reliability caused by false alarms, but it is more urgent to study on the operating range of stand-alone sensor in consideration of the impacts of combustion products on residents because the primary goal of fire safety is minimizing casualties. This study purposed to propose the optimized operating range of stand-alone sensor in consideration of the impacts of combustion products on residents. For this purpose, we made a mathematical approach to the change of temperature over the lapse of time in compartment fires similar to house fires, and established the standards of the body's response against heat and smoke based on literature review. In addition, we surveyed domestic and foreign technological standards for stand-alone sensor, and converted them to standards for residents of the body's response against heat and smoke using mathematical model equations and analyzed them comparatively.

A study of the comparison of customers' satisfaction and loyalty at McDonald's two types of outlets is presented. The objective of this study is to test correlation among selection attributes, customer satisfaction and loyalty of customers patronizing two types of Mcdonald's restaurants - stand alone and co-branded, as Mcdonald's is known to be actively participating in co-branding with discount stores such as E-Mart. In order to measure customer loyalty, benchmark scores from customers showing extreme satisfaction are compared to the mean scores of total sample customers at each outlet. Meeting or exceeding benchmarking scores does not automatically bring in and create loyal customers but in doing so will certainly help build up strong customer relationship which will create additional loyalty. Marketers should be well aware that statistically significant difference do exist between these two groups of customers and should take into consideration these findings in opening up new outlets or renovating existing outlets.

본 논문에서는 교량의 건전도 감시용 자립형 계측유닛을 위한 교량의 상시진동을 이용한 진동발전시스템을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서는 전기자 반작용의 영향을 최소화한 새로운 구조의 진동발전기를 제안하고, 기계적 및 전기적인 설계식을 유도한 다음, 시험용 진동발전기를 제작하였다. 또한, 매우 작은 발전 전류의 축전시스템에 대하여 고찰하고 개선점을 도출하였다. 축전시스템에 대한 고찰 결과, 정류기에 사용된 다이오드 특성이 충전과정에서 지배적임을 밝혔다. 마지막으로, 진동발전시스템 모델에 실측 남해대교 가속도 데이터를 적용한 시뮬레이션과 실내 실험을 수행하였고, 제작된 시험용 진동발전기의 적용성과 효용성을 확인할 수 있었다.