본 연구에서는 K-means 군집 분석을 통하여 최근 5년간(2014-2018) 한반도 남동 지역의 고농도 미세먼지 발생에 영향을 미치는 주요 종관 기상 패턴을 분류하였다. 또한 고농도 미세먼지 사례일의 발생과 관련된 지역적 차이를 살펴보기 위하여 NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction)/FNL (Final Operational Global Analysis) 재해석 기상자료를 이용하여 부산, 울산, 경남 지역의 미세먼지 발생 특성과 관련된 종관 규모 기상의 특성에 대한 비교 연구도 수행하였다. 한반도 남동 지역의 고농도 미세먼지 사례일과 관련된 종관 기상 패턴은 총 5개(C1-C5)로 분류된다. 각 군집의 발생빈도는 24.8% (C1), 21.3% (C2), 20.4% (C3), 17.3% (C4), 16.2% (C5)이다. 기상 패턴 분석을 통하여 제시된 남동 지역의 고농도 미세먼지를 유발하는 요인에는 지역 외부에서 장·단거리 수송(C1, C3, C5)에 의한 영향과 지역내 배출(C2, C4)에 의한 것임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 고농도 미세먼지 발생일에 대해 부산, 울산, 경남 세 지역의 기상장을 분석하였을 때, 500 hPa 지위 고도 및 풍속 등의 기상학적 특성이 지역별로 다르게 나타났다. 그리고 고기압 의 작은 위치 변화가 각 지역의 미세먼지 발원과 장거리 이동 경향성에 영향을 미치고 있었다.

During the research period, error analysis of the amount of daily precipitation was performed with data obtained from 2DVD, Parsivel, and AWS, and from the results, 79 days were selected as research days. According to the results of a synoptic meteorological analysis, these days were classified into ‘LP type, CF type, HE type, and TY type’. The dates showing the maximum daily precipitation amount and precipitation intensity were ‘HE type and CF type', which were found to be attributed to atmospheric instability causing strong ascending flow, and leading to strong precipitation events. Of the 79 days, most days were found to be of the LP type. On July 27, 2011 the daily precipitation amount in the Korean Peninsula reached over 80 mm (HE type). The leading edge of the Northern Pacific high pressure was located over the Korean Peninsula with unstable atmospheric conditions and inflow of air with high temperature and high humidity caused ascending flow, 120 mm/h with an average precipitation intensity of over 9.57 mm/h. Considering these characteristics, precipitation in these sample dates could be classified into the convective rain type. The results of a precipitation scale distribution analysis showed that most precipitation were between 0.4-5.0 mm, and ‘Rain’ size precipitation was observed in most areas. On July 9, 2011, the daily precipitation amount was recorded to be over 80 mm (CF type) at the rainy season front (Jangma front) spreading across the middle Korean Peninsular. Inflow of air with high temperature and high humidity created unstable atmospheric conditions under which strong ascending air currents formed and led to convective rain type precipitation.

Although most natural disaster related studies conducted in Korea recently have been related to typhoons or severe rainstorms, the occurrence frequency of disasters due to windstorms or rainstorms is also high. To reduce the strong wind damage caused by strong windstorms due to climate change, basic studies of strong winds are necessary. Therefore, in this study, the types and representative cases of windstorms that were observed to have been higher than 14 m/s, which is the criterion for strong-wind warnings from the Korea Meteorological Administration, were selected from among those windstorm cases that occurred on the Korean Peninsula for 10 years to conduct a statistical analysis of them and determine their synoptic meteorological characteristics. The cases of windstorms occurring on the Korean Peninsula were divided into six weather patterns according to the locations of the anticyclones/cyclones. Among these types, the SH type, which occurs when Siberian Highs expand into the Korean Peninsula, showed the highest occurrence frequency, accounting for at least the majority of the entire occurrence frequency of windstorms together with that of the EC type, which occurs when cyclones develop on the East Sea, and there was no clear yearly trend of the occurrence frequencies of windstorms. The monthly occurrence frequencies of windstorms were formed mainly by typhoons in the summer and the Siberian Highs in the winter, and the months with the highest windstorm occurrence frequencies were December and January, in which mainly the SH and EC type windstorms occurred. March showed the next highest occurrence frequency with10 times, and SH windstorms occurred the most frequently in March, followed by the CC, SC, and EC types of windstorms, in order of precedence. Therefore, attention to these types of windstorms is required. Countermeasures against storm and flood damage in Korea targeting the summer should be re-reviewed together with pre-disaster prevention plans, because cases of storm and flood damage due to windstorms occur more frequently than those due to typhoons, and they occur throughout the year.

Spring rainfall events were comprehensively analyzed based on the distribution of precipitation amount and the related synoptic weather between 2008~2012. Forty-eight cases are selected among the rain events of the entire country, and each distribution of the 24-hour accumulated precipitation amount is classified into three types: evenly distributed rain(Type 1), more rain in the southern area and south coast region (Type 2), and more rain in the central region (Type 3), respectively. Type 1 constitutes the largest part(35 cases, 72.9%) with mean precipitation amount of 19.4 mm, and the 17 cases of Type 1 are observed in March. Although Type B and C constitutes small parts (11 cases, 22.9% and 2 cases, 4.2%), respectively. The precipitation amount of these types is greater than 34.5 mm and occurred usually in April. The main synoptic weather patterns affecting precipitation distribution are classified into five patterns according to the pathway of low pressures. The most influential pattern is type 4, and this usually occurs in March, April, and May (Low pressures from the north and the ones from the west and south consecutively affect South Korea, 37.5%). The pattern 3(Low pressures from the south affect South Korea, 25%) happens mostly in April, and the average precipitation is usually greater than 30 mm. This value is relatively higher than the values in any other patterns.