The role of transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor-1 (TRPV1) has been primarily investigated in pain sensory neurons. Relatively, little research has been performed in testicular cells. TRPV1 is abundantly expressed in Leydig cells of young adult mice. This study was conducted to determine the role of the TRPV1 channel in Leydig cells. TRPV1 modulators and testosterone were treated to the mouse Leydig cell line TM3 cells for 24 h. Capsaicin, a TRPV1 activator, dose-dependently induced cell death, whereas capsazepine, a TRPV1 inhibitor, inhibited capsaicin-induced cell death. Testosterone treatment reduced capsaicin-induced cell death. High concentrations of testosterone decreased TRPV1 mRNA and protein expression levels. However, TRPV1 modulators did not affect testosterone production. These results showed that capsaicin induced cell death of Leydig cells and that testosterone reduced capsaicininduced cell death. Our findings suggest that testosterone may regulate the survival of Leydig cells in young adult mice by decreasing the expression level of TRPV1.

LuNbO4:0.2Yb3+,xTm3+ powders were prepared using a solid-state reaction process. The effects of the amount of Tm on up-conversion(UC) and down-conversion(DC) luminescence properties are investigated. X-ray diffraction patterns confirm that Yb3+ and Tm3+ ions are successfully incorporated into Lu sites. Under 980 nm excitation, the UC spectra of the powders predominantly exhibit strong near-infrared emission bands that peak at 805 nm, whereas weak 480 nm emission bands are observed as well. The emission bands are assigned to the 1G4→ 3H6 (480 nm) and 3H4→ 3H6 (805 nm) transitions of the Tm3+ ions via an energy transfer from Yb3+ to Tm3+; two- and three-photon UC processes are responsible for the 805 and 480 nm emissions, respectively. The DC emission spectra exhibit blue emission (1D2→ 3F4) of Tm3+ at 458 nm. The amount of Tm affects the emission intensity with the strongest emissions at x = 0.007 and 0.02 for the UC and DC luminescence, respectively. The results demonstrate that LuNbO4:Yb3+,Tm3+ phosphors are suitable for bio-applications.

Ho3+/Yb3+/Tm3+ tri-doped NaY1-x(WO4)2 phosphors with proper doping concentrations of Ho3+, Yb3+ and Tm3+ (x = Ho3+ +Yb3+ +Tm3+, Ho3+ = 0.04, 0.03, 0.02, 0.01, Yb3+ = 0.35, 0.40, 0.45, 0.50 and Tm3+ = 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04) were successfully synthesized via the microwave sol-gel route, and their upconversion properties were investigated. Well-crystallized microcrystalline particles showed fine and homogeneous microcrystalline morphology with particle sizes of 1-2 μm. The optical properties were comparatively examined using photoluminescence emission and Raman spectroscopy. Under excitation at 980 nm, the doped particles exhibited white emissions based on blue, green and red emission bands, which correspond to the 1G4→ 3H6 transitions of Tm3+ in the blue region, the 5S2/ 5F4→ 5I8 transitions of Ho3+ in the green region, the 5F5→ 5I8 transitions of Ho3+, and the 1G4→ 3F4 and 3H4→ 3H6 transitions of Tm3+ in the red region. The pump power dependence of the upconversion emission intensity and the Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage chromaticity coordinates of the phosphors were evaluated in detail.

대부분의 내분비교란물질들은 에스트로겐이나 항에스트로겐적인 활성을 가지고 있어 사람이나 생태계에 있어서 생식기능 발달을 저해하는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 본 연구는 estrogen (E)과 bisphenol (BP) 그리고 octylphenol (OP)이 생쥐 Leydig cell line인 TM3 세포에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. TM3 세포는 11 ~13일령의 BALB/c nu/＋ 생쥐로부터 유래한 정소내 세포인 Leydig cell로 DMEM에