본 연구는 포화지방산과 불포화 지방산 첨가가 반추위 발효성상과 효소활력에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 Piromyces communis 곰팡이를 이용하여 in vitro 발효 시험을 실시하였다. 시험 Ⅰ과 Ⅱ의 대조구에는 지방산을 첨가하지 않았고, 처리구는 시험Ⅰ에서 palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid를 첨가하였고, 실험 Ⅱ에서는 linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid를 첨가하였다. 두 실험 모두 39℃에서 7일간 (2, 3, 4, 6 및 7일) 실시되었다. 시험 Ⅰ의 가스발생량은 불포화 지방산인 oleic acid에서 가장 많이 생성되었고 H2가스의 비율은 가장 낮았다. 시험 Ⅱ의 linoleic acid 첨가구에서 2일에서 6일까지의 가스 발생량은 대조구에 비해 높았지만 이후에는 낮았다. 수소가스 생성비율은 linoleic acid 첨가구에서 가장 많았고 linolenic acid 첨가구에서 가장 낮았다. 또한 시험 Ⅰ의 pH는 6.63에서 5.85로, 시험 Ⅱ에서는 6.59에서 5.40으로 낮아졌다. Carboxymethylcellulase 활력은 발효시간(day) 경과에 따라 증가하는 경향이었고, 특히 arachidonic acid 첨가구의 증가폭이 컸다. 본 실험의 결과는 반추동물의 사료에 불포화지방산을 첨가하면 반추위곰팡이가 생성하는 수소를 불포화 지방산이 이용하여 메탄생성 억제에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

Water-soluble cutting fluids are used for processing of aluminium materials. This short article describes properties of new additives of water-soluble cutting fluids for aluminium materials. Various Diels-Alder adducts of unsaturated fatty acids with acrylic acid of maleic anhydride were prepared by thermal reactions. Triethanolamine salts of Diels-Alder adducts of dehydrated castor oil fatty acids with acrylic acid or maleic anhydride showed excellent anti-corrosion property of aluminium materals. These thermal adducts showed anti-rust property for cast-iron chips, too.

The effect of the metal oxide catalyst in the dimerization of waste vegetable oil was investigated. The high efficiency and recyclability has allowed different metal oxides to be used as catalysts in numerous synthetic reactions. Herein, clay, aluminum, titanium, calcium, magnesium and silicon oxide micro/nanoparticles are used in a Diels-Alder reaction to catalyze the production of the dimer acids. The metal oxides assist the electron transfers during cyclization to produce the desired product. Liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) were used to verify the production of dimer acids. For the confirmation of cyclization, compounds were analyzed using the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. From the analysis, silylated or pristine clay showed its effectiveness as a catalyst in dimerization. Furthermore, alumina and alumina/silica composite showed successful performance in the reaction to yield cyclic dimer acids. These result suggested that metal oxides and montmorillonite might be used in synthesis of dimer acids for the recycle of waste vegetable oils.

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) oil with high oleic acid content is of great interest for both food and non-food uses. The ‘Tamla’ variety, characterized by oleic acid content of approximately 69%, was treated with 1% ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) to induce mutations in the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. M1 plants were selfed and subsequent generations (M2, M3, and M4 mutants) were analyzed to identify mutants having increased levels of oleic acid. M2 mutants showed oleic acid content ranging from 13.5% to 76.9% with some mutants (TR-458 and TR-544) having up to 74.7% and 76.9% oleic acid, which was an increase of nearly 5% and 7%, respectively, compared to untreated cv ‘Tamla’. We selected two M3 mutants with >75% oleic acid content. One mutant (TR-458-2) had increased oleic acid (75.9%) and decreased linoleic acid (12.5%) and linolenic acid (4.4%) contents. The other (TR-544-1) showed increased oleic acid content (75.7%) and decreased linoleic acid (13.5%) and linolenic acid (3.3%) contents. The accumulation or reduction of oleic acid content in the selected M4 mutants was also accompanied by a simultaneous decrease or increase in linoleic and linolenic acid contents. The high-oleic lines could be utilized further in breeding programs for improvement of rapeseed oil quality.