Maritime navigation is an important mode of transportation in the country. With the development of the country and the world, there will inevitably be higher requirements for the safe transportation of ships in the future. Therefore, intelligent ships have become the latest research direction in ship design. And with the gradual development and improvement of big data and artificial intelligence technology in the industrial field, smart ships are an inevitable trend in the development of the shipbuilding industry. Smart ships need to maintain the stability of the ship to ensure the safety of the ship when operating at sea. Therefore, the research on the autonomous stowage of ballast water for smart ships in the future is very important. This paper analyzes the development background of intelligent ships, introduces the ship optimization model and optimization design algorithm, and speculates the future development direction of intelligent ships.

Dry matter allocation characteristics of Calystegia soldanella, grown in pots, was analysed to assess its plasticity in response to water-stressed conditions. As water was withheld leaf water potential between the two watering treatments was similar during the first 6 days, followed by a rapid decrease in water-stressed plants. The minimum leaf water potential was -1.50 MPa on day 15 and the maximum leaf water potential was about -0.5 MPa on day 0 in water-stressed plants. In well-watered plants leaf water potential was maintained almost consistently throughout the experiment. There was no significant difference in plant dry weight between the two watering treatments for 9 days after the start of experiment and that was remarkably increased thereafter, compared with that remained without any increase in water-stressed plants. In dry mass partitioning, however, the water-stressed plants showed a great plasticity, showing that there were 1.81, 1.35 and 0.81 times increase in root, stem and leaf, respectively. Dry mass partitioning in well-watered plants varied from 2% to 5%. The difference of dry mass partitioning between the two watering treatments was reflected in leaf mass per unit area (LMA) and root/shoot (R/S) ratio. LMA in water-stressed plants was lower than that in well-watered plants, while R/S ratio in water-stressed plants was higher in well-watered plants. This means that the water-stressed plants reduced its leaf area and increased dry mass partitioning into root and stem during the progress of soil drying. These results indicate that Calystegia soldanella inhabiting in sand dune cope with water stress with high plasticity which can adjust its dry mass partitioning according to soil water conditions.

최근 들어, 물 분쟁은 발생횟수 뿐만 아니라 그 심각성이 증대되고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 합리적인 용수배분 방안과 설득력 있는 기본원칙 수립 필요성이 부각되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 경제적 효율성과 사회적 효용을 중시한 용도간 용수배분을 실시하는 것이다. 용도간 배분을 위해서는 물 부족에 따른 피해함수를 산정한 후, 이를 효용함수로 전환하였으며 '한계효용균등의 법칙'을 적용하여 사회적 효용을 극대화하고자 하였다. 또한 지역의 용수수요 규모 및 특성을

In this study, an optimization technique was developed from the application of allocation rule. The results obtained from the water supply analysis and reliability indices analysis of Andong dam and Imha dam which are consist of parallel reservoir system are summarized as the followings; Allocation rule(C) is effective technique at the parallel reservoir system because results of the water supply analysis, storage analysis and reliability indices analysis is calculated reasonable results. Also, reliability indices analysis results are not sufficient occurrence based reliability or quantity based reliability. Thus reliability indices analysis are need as occurrence based reliability, quantity based reliability vulnerability, resilience, average water supply deficits and average storage. And water supply condition is better varying water supply condition than constant water supply condition.

본 연구는 합리적 용수배분의 기본원칙으로 효율성, 형평성과 지속가능성을 설정하고, 용도별 용수의 상대적 중요도를 나타내는 용도가중치와 각 수요처의 지역적 특성을 대표하는 지역가중치를 산정 하였다. 용도가중치는 계층화분석과정(AHP, Analytic Hierarchy Process)기법을 사용하였으며, 지역가중치는 사회ㆍ경제적 통계치를 반영한 지역특성가중치와 지역규모가중치를 조합하여 산정 하였다. 이러한 가중치를 적용하여 댐을 중심으로 한 용수배분 방안을

가뭄시 다양한 수요자의 수요량을 충족하지 못하고 한정된 물을 공급함으로 인해 많은 분쟁이 발생되고 있으며, 이를 해결하기 위하여 사회적 합의를 도출할 수 있는 용도별 용수 우선 순위의 의사 결정이 이루어져야 한다. 이와 같은 의사결정은 합리적이며 시스템적인 절차로 수행한다. 첫째, 가뭄으로 인한 영향을 받는 경제적, 환경적, 사회적 관점과 그와 관련된 세부적 속성들을 기준 레벨로 정하고 4가지의 대안을 명시한다. 둘째, 전문가와 지역주민에 대하여 쌍대비

The Keum river has been utilized for drinking water supply of several city including Kunsan city and is deepening pollution state due to numerous municipal and industrial discharges. The concentration BOD in river is affected by the organic loading from a tributary and the algae biomass that largely happen to under eutrophication state. In the eutrophic water mass such as the Keum river, the autochthonous BOD was very important part for making a decision of water quality management, because it was accounted for majority of the total BOD. The predict of water quality has important meaning for management of water quality pollution of the Keum river. The purpose of this study will manage and predict water quality of the Keum river using QUAL-2E model considering the autochthonous BOD. The estimation of autochthonous BOD represented that the relationship between BOD and chlorophyll a. The regression equation was shown to be autochthonous BOD=β5×chlorophyll a. The results of this study may be summarized as followed; The QUAL-2E model was calibrated with the data surveyed in the field of the study area in June, 1998. The calculated value by QUAL-2E model are in good agree to measured value within relative error of 7.80∼20.33%. Especially, in the case of the considering autochthonous BOD, the calculated value of BOD were fairly good coincided with the observed values within relative error of 15%. But the case of not considering autochthonous BOD, relative error of BOD was shown to be 43.2%. In order to attain Ⅱ grade of water quality standard in Puyo station which has a intake facility of water supply, we reduced to the pollutants loading of tributaries. In the case of removed 100% BOD of tributaries, the BOD of Puyo station was 4.07㎎/ℓ, belong to Ⅲ grade of water quality standard. But in the case of removed 88% nutrient of tributaries, it was satisfied to Ⅱ grade of water quality standard as below 3㎎/ℓof BOD. For estimation of autochthonous BOD in Keum river, we are performed simulating in accordance with reduction of nutrient load(50∼100%) under conditions removal 90% organic load. Occupancy of autochthonous BOD according to nutrient loading reductions were varied from 25.97∼79.51%. Occupancy of autochthonous BOD was shown to be a tendency to increasing in accordance with reduction of nutrient loading. Showing the above results, the nutrient that one of the growing factor of algae was important role in decision of BOD in the Keum river. For the water quality management of the Keum river, therefore, it is necessary to considering autochthonous BOD and to construction of advanced sewage treatment plant for nutrient removal.