Evaporative emission generated through the fuel supply system of a gasoline automobile is prevented into the atmosphere through an activated carbon canister system. In this study, the oxygen functional group of activated carbon was controlled using a simple gas phase treatment to improve evaporative emission reduction performance, and the adsorption/desorption performance of evaporative emissions was evaluated according to microwave heating conditions. Microwave heating was used to remove the oxygen functional group of the activated carbon efficiently. Microwave heating was found to remove oxygen functional groups in a short treatment time (1–7 min). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were employed to investigate modifying the oxygen functional group of the activated carbon. Using N2/ 77K adsorption/desorption isotherm, the textural properties of the activated carbon according to microwave heating conditions were examined. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) equation was used to calculate the specific surface area of the activated carbon, and the Dubinin–Radushkevich (DR) equation was used to calculate the micropore volume of activated carbon. Microwave heating effectively increased the butane working capacity, which is the neat adsorption capacity of activated carbon, from 7.12 g/100 ml to a maximum of 8.04 g/100 ml.

In this work, nanoporous carbons (NPCs) were prepared by the self-assembly of polymeric carbon precursors and block copolymer template in the presence of tetraethyl orthosilicate and colloidal silica. The NPCs' pore structures and total pore volumes were analyzed by reference to N2/77 K adsorption isotherms. The porosity and elemental mercury adsorption of NPCs were increased by activation with carbon dioxide. It could be resulted that elemental mercury adsorption ability of NPCs depended on their specific surface area and micropore fraction.

Graphene is the thinnest known materials in the universe and the strongest ever measured. Graphene has emerged as an exotic material of the 21st century and received world-wide attention due to its exceptional charge transport, thermal, optical, mechanical, and adsorptive properties. Recently, graphene and its derivatives are considered promising candidates as adsorbent for H2 storage, CO2 capture, etc. and as the sensors for detecting individual gas molecule. The main purpose of this review is to comprehensive the synthesis method of graphene and to brief the adsorption behaviors of graphene and its derivatives.

The scope of this work investigates the relationship between the amount of oxygen-functional groups and hydrogen adsorption capacity with different concentrations of phosphoric acid. The amount of oxygen-functional groups of activated carbons (ACs) is characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The effects of chemical treatments on the pore structures of ACs are investigated by N2/77 K adsorption isotherms. The hydrogen adsorption capacity is measured by H2 isothermal adsorption at 298 K and 100 bar. In the results, the specific surface area and pore volume slightly decreased with the chemical treatments due to the pore collapsing behaviors, but the hydrogen storage capacity was increased by the oxygen-functional group characteristics of AC surfaces, resulting from enhanced electron acceptor-donor interaction at interfaces.

폐기물 용액의 pH 변화에 따른 고정층에서 우라늄 및 코발트 이온의 흡착거동을 다성분 흡착시스템으로 가정하여 이론적으로 예측하였다. 즉 pH 변화에 따라 존재 분율이 달라지는 각 이온 성분들이 상호 경쟁적으로 흡착한다는 가정 하에서, 평형실험에서 얻어진 결과와 우라늄 및 코발트 이온의 용액특성 (Solution chemistry)을 상호 결합하여 각 이온 성분들의 Langmuir 평형상수 값을 Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory를 도입하여 구하였으며, 이상의 결과를 이용하여 고정층 파과곡선을 이론적으로 계산한 결과 pH 변화에 따른 흡착거동을 비교적 잘 예측할 수 있었다 따라서 본 연구에서 시도한 방법은 이온 농도와 pH가 높은 경우를 제외하고 pH 변화에 따라 용액 내에 이온의 형태가 다양하게 존재하는 흡착 시스템을 이론적으로 예측하는 데 비교적 유용하게 사용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

The specific adsorption behaviors of activated carbons (ACs) treated with 30 wt% H3PO4 or NaOH were investigated in the removals of NO or NH3. The acid and base values were determined by Boehm's titration method. And, the surface properties of ACs were studied by FT-IR and XPS analyses. Also, N2/77K adsorption isotherm characteristics, including the specific surface area and micropore volume were studied by BET and t-plot methods, respectively. From the adsorption tests of NO and NH3, it was revealed in the case of acidic treatment on ACs that the NH3 removal was more effective due to the increase of acidic functional groups in carbon surfaces. Also, the NO removal was increased, in the case of basic treatment, due to the improvement of basic functional groups, in spite of significant decreases of BET's specific surface area and total pore volume. It was found that the adsorption capacity of ACs was not only determined by the textural characteristics but also correlated with the surface functional groups in the acid-base intermolecular interactions.

Adsorption of metal elements onto illite and halloysite was investigated at 25℃ using pollutant water collected from the gold-bearing metal mine. Incipient solution of pH 3.19 was reacted with clay minerals as a function of time: 10 minute, 30 minute, 1 hour, 12 hour, 24 hour, 1 day, 2 day, 1 week, and 2 week. Twenty-seven cations and six anions from solutions were analyzed by AAs (atomic absorption spectrometer), ICP(induced-coupled plasma), and IC (ion chromatography). Speciation and saturation index of solutions were calculated by WATEQ4F and MINTEQA2 codes, indicating that most of metal ions exist as free ions and that there is little difference in chemical species and relative abundances between initial solution and reacted solutions. The adsorption results showed that the adsorption extent of elements varies depending on mineral types and reaction time. As for illite, adsorption after 1 hour-reaction occurs in the order of As〉Pb〉Ge〉Li〉Co, Pb, Cr, Ba〉Cs for trace elements and Fe〉K〉Na〉Mn〉Al〉Ca〉Si for major elements, respectively. As for halloysite, adsorption after 1 hour-reaction occurs in the order of Cu〉Pb〉Li〉Ge〉Cr〉Zn〉As〉Ba〉Ti〉Cd〉Co for trace elements and Fe〉K〉Mn〉Ca〉Al〉Na〉Si for major elements, respectively. After 2 week-reaction, the adsorption occurs in the order of Cu〉As〉Zn〉Li〉Ge〉Co〉Ti〉Ba〉Ni〉Pb〉Cr〉Cd〉Se for trace elements and Fe〉K〉Mn〉Al, Mg〉Ca〉Na, Si for major elements, respectively. No significant adsorption as well as selectivity was found for anions. Although halloysite has a 1:1 layer structure, its capacity of adsorption is greater than that of illite with 2:1 structure, probably due to its peculiar mineralogical characteristics. According to FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) results, there was no shift in the OH-stretching bond for illite, but the ν1 bond at 3695 cm-1 for halloysite was found to be stronger. In the viewpoint of adsorption, illite is characterized by an inner-sphere complex, whereas halloysite by an outer-sphere complex, respectively. Initial ion activity and dissociation constant of metal elements are regarded as the main factors that control the adsorption behaviors in a natural system containing multicomponents at the acidic condition.