Green pesticides, derived from natural sources, have gained wider attention as an alternative approach to synthetic pesticides in managing polyphagous pests like Spodoptera litura. In this study, the methanolic flower extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis (Mx-Na-t) was subjected to chemical screening, and major peak area derivatives 3-Hydroxy-1,2-dimethyl-4(1H)-pyridone (3H-dp) and Tyrosol (Ty-ol) were identified. The toxicity against S. litura larvae of Mx-Na-t (at 500 ppm) was highest in third instars (96.4%), and for 3H-dp and Ty-ol (at 5 ppm) in II instars (76.5% and 81.4%, respectively). The growth and development of S. litura larvae and pupae were significantly reduced by all three extract and phytochemical treatments. Fecundity rates also declined with the treatments, from 1,020 eggs (control) to 540 eggs (Mx-Na-t), 741 eggs (3H-dp), and 721 eggs (Ty-ol). The extract and its active constituents decreased adult emergence and slowed total larval development in a dosedependent manner. The major gut enzymes of S. litura decreased in young larvae (II instar) exposed to Mx-Na-t, 3H-dp, and Ty-ol. Fourth instar midgut tissues were severely damaged by Mx-Na-t (250 ppm), 3H-dp, and Ty-ol (2.5 ppm) treatments, which induced structural damage to the epithelial cells and gut lumen. The earthworm Eisenia foetida was used to test for non-target toxicity. Crude Mx-Na-t at 500 ppm (13% and 3%) and 3H-dp (9.3% and 2.1%) and Ty-ol (10.2% and 1.5%) at 5 ppm produced lower mortality than the synthetic chemical cypermethrin at 1.0 ppm (27% and 18%) in filter paper and artificial soil assays, respectively. In addition, there was no significant change in earthworm weights under all three phytochemical treatments compared to controls. Additionally, the in-silico predictions of BeeTox and ProTox II indicated little or no toxicity toward honey bees and other nontargets associated with 3H-dp and Ty-ol. Overall these phyto-chemicals offer an effective pest management strategy.

유기농업자재 제조 원료가 되는 주요 식물인 제충국, 고삼, 데리스, 님 등은 대부분 수입에 의존하고 있는 실정 으로 제품수급, 효용성 및 안전성 등에 빈번한 문제가 발생되고 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 국내 자생식물을 추출물 원료로 이용하기 위한 연구를 수행하고 있다. 이중 마트린이 함유되어 살충제로 이용되고 있는 고삼에 흰가루병, 총채벌레, 줄붉은들명나방, 담배거세미나방, 거품벌레류가 발생하여 피해를 주었다. 특 히 줄붉은들명나방(Uresiphita prunipennis)은 7월 하순부터 9월 중순까지 발생하여 엽육을 갉아먹고 엽맥만 남기는 피해를 주었고, 피해주율은 11% 였다. 이를 방제하기 위해 18종의 유기농업자재의 살충효과를 조사한 결과 주성분이 마늘추출물 80%, 데리스추출물 70% 등인 자재 6종이 80% 이상의 살충률을 나타내었다.

드론은 현재 산업의 각 분야에서 사용되고 있으며, 농업분야에서도 활발히 사용되고 있다. 특히, 초고 령 사회에 진입한 농촌과 농업분야에서 드론은 매우 효율적인 방제장비로 각광받고 있다. 드론방제기 는 운용비용이 다른 방제기에 비해서 매우 낮으며 구입비용 또한 그리 높지 않다. 한 단위의 방제면적 을 방제하기 위하여 투입되는 구입비용과 운용비용을 모두 고려하였을 때 가장 효율적인 방제기는 고 정익방제기와 드론이라 불리는 멀티콥터형 방제기이다. 고정익방제기에 소요되는 높은 운용비용과 탑 승조종사의 인건비를 고려한다면 우리나라에서 현실적으로 효율적인 방제기라 볼 수 없으며, 조종사가 탑승하지 않는 드론방제기가 매우 효율적인 방제기라고 할 수 있다. 현재 농업분야에서 방제작업에 활 발히 쓰이고 있는 드론방제기는 높은 비용효율성으로 인하여 많은 농민들에게 선호되는 방제기로 선택 되고 있다.

Carbonyl sulfide is a chemical that is registered as a crop protection product in Australia due to microorganisms such as soil, plant roots, branches, fertilizers and compost. In order to develop new fumigants for domestic use, the susceptibility of Carbonyl sulfide fumigants to two agricultural pests was evaluated. The susceptibility of peach aphid and spotted mite, which is an agricultural pest, was evaluated. After 5 hours of treatment (10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg / L) . As a result, peach aphid larvae showed a high mortality rate of 97.6% at 10 mg / L and 100% at 20 mg / L or more. Larvae were found to have a rate of 95.8% at 80 mg / L. The insect mortality rate was 91.8% at 60 mg / L and 94.1% at 80 mg / L.