The dietary intake of nutritional elements by Koreans as determined by the Ministry of Health and Welfare's National Nutrition Survey have been reported for 1969~1993. But these data were based on not dish but food. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare dish sources of energy and macronutrients (carbohydrate, fat, protein) in the diets of three area (large city, small city and rural). Dish sources were evaluated from two-day record obtained in the secondary analysis of the 1993 Korean National Nutrition Survey. The result, large city and small city had higher fat and protein intake than did rural. Otherwise, carbohydrate intake among rural was higher than those among large and small city (p〈0.05). The primary dish source of energy and macronutrients was cooked rice for all area. The percentage of cooked rice in daily carbohydrate intake was 52.64% for nationwide, 48.40% for large city, 50.52% for small city, 61.79% for rural. The cumulative percent of top 10 dish sources to carbohydrate for large city, small city, rural were 78.02%, 81.16%, 85.69%, respectively. These was higher than cumulative percent of other macronutrients. The milk as good protein source ranked 3 for large city, 6 for small city, 22 for rural. The major dish sources to fat were cooked rice and pork that prepared by various cooking way. These results show that the major dish sources of energy and macronutrients were cooked rice based of Korea traditional consumption pattern. The most of nutrient intake consumed some dishes for all area. The dish consumption pattern was generally similar between large and small city. But rural was different from other area. Threfore, nutrition educations and interventions should be targeted to each area and should be attended with studies that comparision of dish sources to nutritional elements by specific age-sex groups.

Industrial Complex in Ulsan is one of the most important areas in the nation. It includes ship building, automobile production, petroleum industry, non-metalic industry, and related industries. However, water for drinking and industry use has been and will be short seriously. Thus available drinking water sources were searched. By rebuilding the two existing dams 20m higher than the present levels, $500,000m^3/day$(for 200days) of water sources may be produced. Additional volume of $13,000m^3/day$(for 200days) can be obtained by a number of small dam construction in the vincity area. Underground water of about $50,000m^3/day$ may also be available. The total of $680,000m^3/day$ could be produced in Ulsan area, which is enough for the population of 1,200,000 in Ulsan area even after year 2011. This newly searched volume of water may be free from pollution. Raising the dam levels may also prevent Ulsan city from chronic flooding problems. Additional advantage is that as much as the newly developed water resources can be supplied to the industrial complexes.

Agriculture nonpoint pollution source is a significant contributor to water quality degradation. To establish effective water quality control policy, environpolitics establishment person must be able to estimate nonpoint source loads to lakes and streams. To meet this need for orchard area, we investigated a real rainfall runoff phenomena about it. We developed nonpoint source runoff estimation models for vineyard area that has lots of fertilizer, compost specially between agricultural areas. Data used in nonpoint source estimation model gained from real measuring runoff loads and it surveyed for two years(2008-2009 year) about vineyard. Nonpoint source runoff loads estimation models were composed of using independent variables(rainfall, storm duration time(SDT), antecedent dry weather period(ADWP), total runoff depth(TRD), average storm intensity(ASI), average runoff intensity(ARI)). Rainfall, total runoff depth and average runoff intensity among six independent variables were specially high related to nonpoint source runoff loads such as BOD, COD, TN, TP, TOC and SS. The best regression model to predict nonpoint source runoff load was Model 6 and regression factor of all water quality items except for was R² =0.85.

In the present study, space allocation methods of pollutant emission from area and mobile sources are assessed by the actual application to air quality modeling of Pohang area. It is found that the TM-based modeling which allocates emission onto the 1km x 1km sized TM-grid system predicts almost the same mean ground-level concentration as that by the GIS-based modeling which uses geographical information of area and mobile sources directly, while maximum ground-level concentration by the TM-based modeling is predicted considerably lower than that by the GIS-based modeling. Moreover, the problem is found that the TM-based modeling causes deviation of mobile roads. In conclusion, it is anticipated to applying GIS-based modeling for a more accurate assessment of air quality in local scale.