The Shine Muscat grape(Vitis vinifera L.) have high quality and the cultivation area is increasing recentely in Republic of Korea. The total cultivation area of the country('18) is 963ha, and the cultivation area of Gyeongbuk area is 81%, which is 780ha. But the research on pests causing damage in cultivation is insufficient. Recently, the damage caused by Bark beetles is increasing due to the abnormal weather and the increase of the cultivation area of shine muskets. The Bark beetles that occur in the Grape Shine Muskete plantation are Xyleborinus saxesen, which pierce tree trunks and cause the whole tree to die. Xyleborinus saxesen occurred continuously from April to August, and it occurs in Shine Muscat stem damaged by the frostbite. Shine muskets are weak to frostbite, so it is necessary to keep the trees free from frostbite in winter and early spring.

Estimating compensation payment for environmental damages by chemical accidents has been controversial because accurate quantification of damages of chemical accident is so complicated and there is lack of scientific studies about impact of chemical accidents. In this study, for supporting chemical accidents compensation criteria, the 7 days acute and 28 days chronic toxicity test was conducted with 4 major chemical accident substances (Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid, Methanol and Methylethylketone) according to the OECD 232 guidelines. Methylethylketone was most toxic chemical followed by methanol, nitric acid and surfuric acid. Further study of comparison between pH and chemical effects was needed.

The thermal death kinetics of the Black timber bark beetle, Xylosandrus germanus, was investigated to develop a heat treatment for control of infested wood packing materials used to export goods. To determine the feasibility of microwave irradiation as an alternative control method, laboratory experiments irradiating wooden blocks of Douglas fir (200×200×250mm), which were artificially infested with adults, with 2.45 GHz of microwave energy. All (100%) Ambrosia beetle adults were killed by both hot water treatments and microwave irradiation at 52˚C and 58˚C, respectively. Probit analyses estimated the internal wood temperature required to produce Probit (0.99) efficacy to be 64.7˚C (95% CI 62.4-69.9˚C) at one minute after microwave treatment.

Ips acuminatus is a minute bark beetle found in forest and can cause economic damage to pine and spruce trees. This beetle has well developed sensory system respond to both of visual and chemical stimuli. Both sexes have a pair of faceted compound eyes and another pair of knobbed antennae, work together to collect vital information. The antennae look similar in both sexes and consist of scape, pedicel, and segmented flagellum. The pedicel is the first segment by which the antenna is attached to the head and the scape is set in a membranous socket and surrounded by the antennal sclerite on which a single articulation occurs. The beetle’s antennae enlarge abruptly at the last segment of a flagellum giving the antenna a knobbed appearance. There are a number of sensory receptors, including olfactory and mechanical receptors. Here, the fine structural characteristics of the antennal sensory organs in male and female bark beetle Ips acuminatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) were analysed with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM).

Fungi are characterized by eukaryotic microorganisms, growth with hyphal or yeast form, cell wall containing chitin, and both sexual and asexual reproduction. Many of fungi are associated with insects through the two ways: good or bad things. Good thing may include insect vector for fungal propagation and bad thing include entomophagous fungi to stink bug. Many specific examples of coevolution between fungi and insects have been recorded. Fungi provide the nutrients to insects while insects may vector them. Bark beetles are known as fungal vector as they bore through the tree bark to lay their eggs. Good example is the blue stain fungus Ophiostoma novo-ulmi causing the Dutch Elm disease, which is spread by Elm bark beetles (Scolytus spp.). Several bark beetles associated with coniferous forests also vector pathogenic fungi and decay fungi as well. In case study of the mountain pine beetle (MPB, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) that is a serious threat for mature lodgepole, we showed diversity of fungi associated on their body surface. Based on cultural morphology and sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA) region, 7 ascomycetes and 2 basidiomycetes were detected on the body surface. 14 ascomycetes and 1 basidiomycetes were represented in the ITS　clone libraries.　Recently NGS based Amplicon pyrosequencing discovered that much higher fungal diversity (191 OTU with 97% similarity) from MBP exterior.

Bark beetles are recently considered as important forest insect pests in several countries. Damage of bark beetles has increased in Korea, and monitoring of these beetles become important. However, there has been no study on development of monitoring skill on bark beetles in Korea. In this study, we tested the attractiveness of (-)-α-pinene, ethanol, (-)-α-pinene+ethanol for monitoring of bark beetles. Some bark beetles strongly attracted to (-)-α-pinene or (-)-α-pinene+ethanol. Some ambrosia beetles strongly attracted to ethanol. Our results indicated that (-)-α-pinene, ethanol, or (-)-α-pinene+ethanol could be useful infochemicals for the monitoring of bark beetles.