The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal digestible energy levels on pregnancy mares. Physical changes and fecal microorganism in pregnant horse and changes in birth characteristics of neonatal foals were investigated. The experiment was conducted by 18 mares (Jeju corssed bred, older than 36 months) into three treatment groups. The experimental diet consisted of 80%, 100%, 120% digestible energy levels based on NRC. The average daily intake was lower in the 120% (8.75±1.01) than the 100% (9.34±0.92), 80% (9.14±0.88) and there was significant difference (p<0.05). The feed efficiency was lower in the 120% than 80%, 100% (p<0.05). Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride was higher in 120% than others (p<0.05). However there were no health problem and there was no difference between the treatment groups in the birth characteristics of neonatal foals. At the phylum level, Fibrobactres was difference by digestible energy levels, 80% (8.53%) was higher than 100%, 120%. At the genus level, Bacteroides and Kineothrix increased in fecal proportions with increasing digestible energy levels (p<0.05). Fibrobacter showed higher composition at 80% than 100% and 120% (p<0.05).

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of drinking water containing trimethyl glycine or ascorbic acid on growth performance and blood parameter profiles of duck exposed to scorching heat stress. A total of 480 ducks were randomly assigned to the following eight experiment groups for 42 days : control group C with general water, treatment group 1 (T1) with drinking water containing 100 ppm ascorbic acid, treatment group 2 (T2) with drinking water containing 200 ppm ascorbic acid, treatment group 3 (T3) with drinking water containing 300 ppm ascorbic acid, treatment group 4 (T4) with drinking water containing 400 ppm trimethyl glycine, treatment group 5 (T5) with drinking water containing 800 ppm trimethyl glycine, treatment group 6 (T6) with drinking water containing 1,200 ppm trimethyl glycine, treatment group 7 (T7) with electrolytes of KCl (0.5%) + NaHCO3 (1.0%)+NaCl (0.5%). Our results revealed that the body weights and feed intakes of treatment groups, especially T3 and T6, were increased compared to the control group, where as the feed conversion ratios of treatment groups were decreased (p<0.05). Blood levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, glucose, AST, ALT and pH in treatment groups were lower compared to those in the control group (p<0.05). Blood levels of red blood cell, platelets profiles, electrolyte and gas in treatment groups were higher compared to those of the control group (p<0.05).