A number of coated grains (spherical to elongated ones in shape) were collected from a small stream, Dijon, France. They were characterized by typical concentric lamination surrounding broken twigs, and were thus identified as concentric precipitation on plant twigs. Within carbonate coatings of the plant twigs, two morphological groups including, eukaryotic green algae (Vaucheria sp.) and cyanobacteria (Scytonema sp. and Rivularia sp.) were detected, which form carbonate crystals that are surrounding their filaments. The filaments could have triggered carbonate precipitation by photosynthetic removal of CO2 causing the increase of alkalinity of the water, and by supporting their sheaths as nucleation sites. Such encrusted twigs were found from 70 meters downstream, in which temperature and pH were measured as 11.1˚C and 8.18, respectively. These water chemistries (11.1˚C and pH 8.18), with the aid of microbial photosynthesis, were likely to provide a suitable condition for carbonate precipitation on the twigs.

In the Cheolam ore deposits, mineral paragenesis is divided into six depositional stages by the multiple episodes of brecciation and faulting. Pardculary, stage III is carbonates stage in which rhodochrosite, calcite, kutnahorite and dolomite are occurred. Mineral genetic sequence of these carbonates are as follows : (도표) Homogenization temperature of fluid inclusion in calcite ranges from 175 to 240℃. Fluid inclusions study and geothermometer of calcite-dolomite system reveal that the pressure ranges from 620 to 720 bars in stage III. This pressure is higher than Gthostatic load pressure of stage I in the Cheolam ore deposits. This fact corresponds with the fractured carbonate minerals occurrence.