Some Japonica rice plant varieties show the resistance to the whitebacked planthopper (S. furcifera) and the varieties produce ovicidal compound, benzyl benzoate, to kill their eggs lying in the rice plant. We have tried to elucidate the mechanism for inducing the production of the benzyl benzoate by the Japonica rice varieties. The active 80% MeOH/H2O extract was chromatographed on ODS open column and separated into 6 fractions; 100% H2O, 20% MeOH/H2O, 60% MeOH/H2O, 80% MeOH/H2O, 100% MeOH, 100% EtOH. Of these 6fractions, 100% MeOH and 100% EtOH fractions evidently induced benzyl benzoate at 43.95μg/g of fresh rice plant(frp) and 31.04μg/gfrp, respectively. The active compounds were submitted to analyses by using NMR and GC- and LC-MS inorder to elucidate the structure. We find elicitors to induce with S. furcifera. The elicitors are in the female of S. furcifera and the structures of elicitors are species of phospholipid and glycerol.

Fatty acid-amino acid conjugates (FACs), first identified from beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua larvae (Alborn et al., 1997), have been found in noctuid as well as sphingid caterpillar oral secretions and especially volicitin [N-(17-hydroxylinolenoyl)- L-glutamine, 17OH-volicitn] and its biochemical precursor, N-linolenoyl- L-glutamine, are known elicitors of induced volatile emissions in corn plants. We conducted FAC screening of 29 lepidopteran species and found FACs in 19 of these species (Yoshinaga & Mori et al., 2010). Thus, FACs are quite commonly synthesized through a broad range of lepidopteran caterpillars. From an evolutionary perspective, it is presumed that volicitin and the other FACs, although consequently unfavorable to the insect in the plant-herbivore interactions, are produced because they are essential part of the primary metabolism of the insects. In this context, we suggested that FACs in Spodoptera litura play an active role in nitrogen assimilation by regulating the amount of glutamine in the larval midgut (Yoshinaga & Mori et al., 2008). The benefits of the physiological function of FACs for the herbivores need to outweigh the costs caused by induction of plant defense

This study is focused on the evaluation of growth parameters, total polyphenol content (TPC), chlorophyll content as well as the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity of young barley seedling (YBS) affected by elicitation. Salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MJ), amino acid liquid fertilizer (ALF) and microbial metabolism activator (MMA) were used. Elicitation was conducted for two times and various concentrations were used in this study. The result revealed that, MJ 1 ml/L treated-YBS gave the longest seedling length of 1.33 cm, followed by the ones treated with SA 1.38 mg/L and ALF 2 ml/L, respectively. ALF 3 ml/L treatment gave the highest fresh weight of 10 seedlings, followed by MJ 5 ml/L and SA 13.8 mg/L treatment with 1.56 g, 1.55 g and 1.53 g respectively. SA 138.12 mg/L elicitor treated-YBS gave the highest Chl a, Chl b content of 8.57 μg/mg and 3.83 μg/mg, respectively while the highest carotenoid content was found in MJ ml/L treatment with 1.62 μg/mg. Among elicitor treated-YBS, SA showed better TPC. The highest TPC was found in SA 1.38 mg/L treatment with 18.82 mg/g TAE. Likewise, SA 1.38 mg/L showed the highest DPPH free radical scavenging activity among all the treatments. However, the lowest TPC was found in ALF 1ml/L treated-YBS with 9.46 mg/g TAE, which was even lower than the control (14.31 mg/g TAE).

쥐오줌풀 부정근으로부터 valepotriates와 valerenic acids 함량을 증진시키고자 다양한 elicitor를 처리하였다. 쥐오줌풀 부정근의 생장은 YE 처리구를 제외한 모든 처리구에서 대조구에 비해 감소하였다. 그러나 valepotriates와 valerenic acids 생산은 모든 처리구에서 대조구에 비해 증가하였으며 특히, valepotriates는 100 μM MeJA 처리구에서 12.56 ± 0.78 mg/l, valerenic acids는 1 g/l YE 처리구에서 10.63 ± 1.1 mg/l 로 가장 높았으며, 이는 대조구에 비해 1.6배와 1.8배의 생산성증가를 가져왔다.

Scopolamine and hyoscyamine are important anticholinergic compounds. To increase the productivity, we have selected various elicitors and developed culture system using a bubble column bioreactor (BCB). As the same manner of elicitation in flask cultures, the elicitors were introduced into BCB cultures and the productivity was investigated. Except the bacterial elicitor of Staphyllococcus aureus, the elicitors inhibited hyoscyamine production. In scopolamine production, the elicitors revealed different responses from the results obtained in flask cultures. The elicitors of KCl and Candida albicans less increased the production than flask cultures. However, methyl jasmonate and S. aureus showed stronger positive effects on tropane alkaloid production. In particular, S. aureus was the most effective elicitor on scopolamine production and the elicitor resulted in the highly increased production, approximately 10 times higher than the control culture.