The study was initiated to compare seasonal nutrient variations and rice (Oryza sativa L.) productivity in each of leading rice farm with conventionally managed and recommended fertilized of the large-scale environment-friendly agricultural districts in Jangheung, Suncheon, and Okcheon provinces in 2017. Suncheon rice experimental farm plots included a recommended fertilization plot that had been additionally sown hairy vetch in the fall of previous year, while Okcheon rice farm included a recommended fertilization plot applying half amount of the compost in the conventional plot. A Jangheung rice farm only practiced crop-livestock farming system. Soil pH and EC in all experimental plots were suitable levels for rice growth to cultivate. Seasonal soil pH from March to September was the highest for Suncheon rice farm, and seasonal soil EC was the highest for Jangheung rice farm. Seasonal soil T-N increased in all the plots from March to June in particular for Suncheon rice farm, and Jangheung rice farm had the lowest seasonal soil P. Seasonal soil K decreased in all the plots, with the lowest levels observed for Okcheon farm. Seasonal soil NH4 + mostly increased by up to 90 mg/kg in Jangheung rice farm from March to June. Seasonal plant T-N, P and K concentrations were the highest for Jangheung rice farm. Seasonal plant T-N and P concentrations decreased from June to September, but K leveles were fluctuated between 2.0% and 2.5%. Seasonal SPAD value was the lowest in Suncheon conventional plot. Jangheung rice farm plot produced 6,303 kg of rice per ha, which was approximately two times higher than those of Okcheon recommended plot. The seasonal T-N, P and K balance was the highest in Okcheon conventional plot, with the lowest values observed for Suncheon conventional plot. As a result, Suncheon recommended plot showed relatively low levels of seasonal macro-nutrient balance and the highest rice production, which could be the most environmentally friendly farm practiced conducted in this study.

전국 광역친환경 농업단지 중 전남 장흥과 순천 그리고 충북 옥천 3개소를 대상으로 논 에서 재배된 벼의 시기별 생장과 무기성분을 조사하였다. 장흥 농가는 기본 시험구와 기본 시험구에 N(질소)를 20% 추가한 유박 추가 시비구를 포함하였다. 6월 토양의 pH와 EC 그 리고 K 농도는 유박 추가 시비를 포함한 장흥 농가에서 유의성 있게 높게 나타났다. 토양 1kg당 시기별 무기태 N는 이앙 후 6월에 장흥 농가가 다른 농가보다 80 mg 이상으로 많았 으나 재배시기가 경과함에 따라 감소하였다. 시기별 벼의 T-N농도는 최고 분얼기에 장흥 농가에서 높았으며 수확기에는 유의성 있는 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 벼의 P 농도도 시간 이 경과함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 처리 간에 별다른 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 초장은 순천 농가에서 재배된 벼가 101 cm로 작았으나 건물중은 72 g으로 높게 나타났다. SPAD는 장흥 농가에서 높은 수준을 보였다. 외래품종인 밀키퀸을 재배한 옥천 농가는 완 전립이 93%로 정조중과 현미, 백미 모두 ha당 생산량이 크게 증가하여서 연간 조수입도 2,671만원으로 가장 높았다. 그러나 옥천 농가는 대량의 퇴비 시비로 수확 후 토양에 잔존 하는 양분수지(T-N + P + K)가 ha당 900 kg 이상으로 높은 수준을 보인 반면에 장흥 농가는 300 kg으로 낮은 수준이 관찰되었다.

After carrying out on-the-spot observation targeting each farmhouse of large-scale environment-friendly agricultural district (LEAD), Suncheon, Sancheong, Jangheung, Yeongam, Hamyang, Okcheon, and Jeongseon in 2015, only one LEAD, a farmhouse in Jangheung had used sustainable compost coming out under their own non-antibiotic livestock. The soil pH and EC at a depth of 0-20 cm in the seven LEADs were ranged between 5.3-6.6 and 0.4-1.2 dS m-1, respectively, with 0.03- 0.27% for T-N concentration, 22-322 mg kg-1 for P, and 0.05-0.29 mg kg-1, which were, in particular, low a farmhouse in Jeongseon. When intensively surveying on each farmhouse of Suncheon, Jangheung, and Okcheon for a growing period, seasonal soil pH was maintained above 6.0 and high in a farmhouse in Okcheon, with similar soil EC observed among the three LEADs. Seasonal soil T-N was 0.1% higher on the farmhouse in Suncheon than other two LEADs, with higher seasonal soil P observed on the farmhouse in Okcheon and higher soil K in the Jangheung. T-N concentration in rice (Oryza sativa L.) crops was the highest in Jangheung, and concentrations of T-N, P, and K decreased in a season. Plant height and number of tillers per hill were the highest on the farmhouse in Okcheon, where was similar or low plant diameter and SPAD levels compared to other two LEADs. Dry weight (DW) before harvest was ranged between 52-63 g, and DW, rough rice yield (kg), brown rice/rough rice (%), brown rice yield (kg), head rice (%), and broken rice (%) were not significantly different among the three LEADs. Total annual gross production ha-1 was the highest on the farmhouse in Okcheon (16,230,000 won) planting with high class of variety, ‘Milky queen’ atearly maturation, which was expected to be increased on an agricultural income. However, high amount of fertilizer was applied for growing the following crops on the farmhouse in Okcheon, affecting the highest balance of T-N, P, and K more than 200 kg ha-1.

The objective of this study is to analyze the performance and farmer’s awareness on the large-scale environment-friendly agricultural districts (LEAD). For this, we survey 393 farmers who cultivate in the 14 LEAD. Most of farmers aware a necessity of LEAD project. They have a higher awareness and practical use on the ‘production facilities and equipments for environment-friendly agricultural materials’ and ‘resource recovery center of crop-animal farming’. The spread and consciousness on the environment-friendly agriculture increase before LEAD project. Also the environment-friendly agricultural areas and incomes slightly increase. The results of this study show that the LEAD project need a modification in to response to change of agricultural issues and customer’s needs.