This thesis is a study of artistic measures and climate refugees, based on Hack’ s World Climate Refugee Camp project. According to Hack, climate refugees appeared with the process of globalization. Hack claimed that the people who put climate refugees in danger are the industrialized nations, and therefore, their rejection of refugees is nonsense. He also stated that the fundamental solution would be the active participation of such nations. Thus, he travels around the world, encouraging participants and globalizing his project. Interestingly, the practical participation method of his climate calamity project is divided into four methods, which are all related to realizing the danger and presenting various solutions. First, the aesthetic of survival: the reason Hack focused on the warming trend and claimed that we have to accept the climate refugees as refugees comes from the thought that we are all potential refugees, and the anxiety that climate refugees may cause war in the end. The solution Hack found for surviving in such a world is to create “refugee camps”to notify people about the seriousness of climate change, and to put the “aesthetic for survival”in action. Second, a relation-oriented relationship: communication between Hack and the participants was done in various ways. They are experiencing a bond and emotions of an interrelationship through their actions in the experimental field, experiencing a new form of art, which they were not able to experience in a museum. Third, a utopian measure: Hack’s utopian measure started from the fear of dystopia but Hack still believes that it is not only a dream, but that it can be realized. He claims that even though the start may be feeble, it is possible to rescue children from starvation and to treat climate refugees as proper human in the end, when communication and cooperation is done the right way and properly. Fourth, the aesthetic of global relation, the internet: the new solution Hack is trying on the internet is to make more people participate in his project. It is fate that “human are the wrongdoer and the victim at the same time”, but according to Hack’s opinion, social disaster can be avoided through effort and it is optimistic that we can give form to the culture revolution we are experiencing now. Hack’s project illustrated the importance of daily life, compared to art inside a museum, through active participation of the people and opened up a new method of art through realistic responses to disasters. This is distinctive from the past exhibitions, where artists gave shape and form to ideals and an imaginary world, in that it shows that the artist and audience aim for creating a community-like structure, just like Bourriaud’s art method. Hack’s project of climate calamity illustrates that installation and action art is not only an art genre which shows installation and activities, but that it can include social and political issues and that it can be completed with the help of participants, consequently becoming a genre of modern art. Hack raises a question about art’s identity through various descriptions. Artists as planners, who base their artworks on their subjectivity or the characteristics of a specific period, the people as participants, the duet of art work and play, human and human, and further, human and nature. The practical participation method, as a measure for “disaster”, reveals the new art of the 21st century within Hack’s artworks. Even though there are several problems with Hack’s usage of art as a measure for disaster, it will actively open up a new page for the 21st century’s art with the theme of disaster.

본 연구는 온대 낙엽활엽수림 임상내 조릿대군락의 입지환경요인과 그 생장특성을 밝혀내고, 조릿대군락이 하층식생 및 천연갱신에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 지리산국립공원 중산리지역의 낙엽활엽수림에서 조릿대군락이 분포하는 지역을 조사대상지로 설정하여 식생조사 및 환경요인을 조사했다. 이곳에서 조릿대의 생장특성으로서 조릿대의 우점도 및 높이, 잎층두께를 조사했고, 환경요인으로서 관목층과 지피층의 광합성광량자속밀도(PPFD), 토양의 화학적 특성을 조사했다. 또한 조사구에서 지피층에 출현하는 식물상, 목본의 개체수 및 높이를 조사했다. 그 결과로서 낙엽활엽수림 임상내 조릿대군락의 높이 및 잎층두께는 빛조건과 밀접한 관계지만, 특정입지환경이나 식생 등의 영향이 단순하게 조릿대 분포 및 생장특성을 결정하지 않는 것으로 판단된다. 이는 조릿대가 영양번식식물로서 복수의 지상간이 지하경으로 연결된 상태로 산림내의 불균질한 자원환경에서 광범위하게 분포할 수 있는 조릿대의 독특한 생존전략과 깊게 관련되어 있을 것이다. 또한, 밀생하고 높게 자란 조릿대는 지피층의 PPFD를 차단하는 것으로 치수발생 및 생장을 방해해 하층식생의 종다양성을 떨어뜨렸다.

In order to easily and rapidly establish low-cost grazing grasslands using centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack.) (CG) on abandoned cultivated land, the influences of slope direction and angle on the covering speed of CG were investigated. We established 61 quadrats at varying slope directions and angles, and the planting of CG was performed in 2003. The covering speed of CG was investigated from 2003 to 2008, and the years of point of inflection (YPI) was calculated. The most rapid YPI was 1.0-1.5 years in the quadrats in the S5°W direction with 0 degree slopes, while the slowest YPI was 3.0-3.5 years in the quadrats in the northern direction with 10-20 degree slopes. Therefore, grassland renovation using low quantities of CG seeds, which are sold at a high price in Japan, is favorable on land in the southern direction and with a lower slope.

본 연구에서는 집수평면의 신장도에 대한 검토와 함께 자연유역의 자기유사성 및 자기상사성을 고려하여 Hack의 법칙에 대한 체계적인 접근을 수행하여 보았다. DEM으로부터 추출된 대상유역의 집수평면들은 Hack의 법칙에 대한 두 가설이 상호작용을 할 경우 나타날 수 있는 유역 형상들에 대한 모집단처럼 나타났다. 유역면적에 따른 집수평면 신장도의 변화를 도시해 본 결과 유로연장을 기반으로 한 고전적인 지형인자들보다는 관성적률을 기반으로 한 신장도가 보다 직