인체 바이오모니터링(Human biomonitoring, HBM) 데이터는 뇨와 혈액 등 생체지표으로부터 환경유해물질의 측정을 통해 획득되며, 다양한 노출원과 경로로부터 노출되는 유해물질의 인체노출수준 및 건강영향과의 상관성을 파악하기 위해 매우 중요하다. 국내의 경우 식품의약품안전처를 비롯한 국가기관의 다양한 HBM 프로그램을 통하여 HBM 데이터가 생산되고 있다. 그러나, 목적, 시기, 연구자 및 측정 장비의 차이에 의하여 서로 다른 형식에 따라 생산되다 보니, 데이터의 호환성의 문제로 인하여 특정 HBM 데이터를 신속하게 조회해야 하거나 인구집단별 시간적 추이분석 내지는 다른 국가의 자료와 비교에 난점을 가지고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 HBM 데이터를 체계적으로 데이터베이스(Database, DB)화하고 활용성을 증진하게 시킬 목적으로 지식 모델링을 실시하였다. 지식 모델링은 HBM 데이터의 생산되는 변수들을 그룹화하고 관계를 분석하여 2차원 구조의 개체 및 집합론에 기초한 방법론인 관계형 데이터 모델링 기법을 활용하여 실시하였다. 지식 모델은 조사대상자를 인구집단으로 중심으로 설문자료, 측정자료, 노출 평가자료 개체로 구성하고 그 안에 속성들을 정의하고, 개체간에 관계를 설정하는 방식으로 구성하였다. 또한, 도출된 지식 모델을 기반으로 식품의약품안전처에서 2006년-2018년까지 수행한 HBM의 원시데이터를 수집, 정제 및 정규화하여 통합 DB를 구축하였다. 이와 같이 통합 된 HBM-DB는 개별 자료원 내지는 특정 자료원들을 선택 하여 기간별 농도 수준에 대한 통계분석은 물론, 다양한 검 색조건을 통하여 데이터 추출을 할 수 있는 구조로 구축하였다. 본 HBM-DB는 관계형 DB모델로 구축되어 지속적인 대용량 DB 축적이나 HBM 데이터 해석을 위한 도구로써 효율적으로 수행할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) and related trichothecene mycotoxins are extensively distributed in the cereal-based food and feed stuffs worldwide. Recent climate changes and global grain trade increased chance of exposure to more DON and related toxic metabolites in poorly managed production systems. Monitoring the biological and environmental exposures to the toxins are crucial in protecting human and animals from toxicities of the hazardous contaminants in food or feeds. Exposure biomarkers including urine DON itself are prone to shift to less harmful metabolites by intestinal microbiota and liver metabolic enzymes. De-epoxyfication of DON by gut microbes such as Eubacterium strain BBSH 797 and Eubacterium sp. DSM 11798 leads to more fecal secretion of DOM-1. By contrast, most of plant-derived DON-glucoside is also easily catabolized to free DON by gut microbes, which produces more burden to body. Phase 2 hepatic metabolism also contributes to the glucuronidation of DON, which can be useful urine biomarkers. However, chemical modification could be very typical depending on the anthropologic or genetic background, luminal bacteria, and hepatic metabolic enzyme susceptibility to the toxins in the diet. After toxin exposure, effect biomarkers are also important in estimating the linkage and mechanisms of foodborne diseases in human and animal population. Most prominent adverse effects are demonstrated in the DON-induced immunological and behavioral disorders. For instance, acutely elevated interleukin-8 from insulted gut exposed to dietaty DON is a dominant clinical biomarker in human and animals. Moreover, subchronic exposure to the toxins is associated with high levels of serum IgA, a biological mediator of IgA nephritis. In particular, anorexia monitoring using mouse models are recently developed to monitor the biological activities of DON-induced feed refusal. It is also mechanistically linked to alteration of serotoin and peptide YY, which are promising biomarkers of neurological disorders by the toxins. As animalalternative biomonitoring, huamn enterocyte-based assay has been developed and more realistic gut mimetic models would be useful in monitoring the effect biomarkers in resposne to toxic contaminants in the future investigations.

The organic foods is the terminology calling the organic products, the organic livestock and the organic processing food. The value of organic food may be evaluated as the index of the nutrient content, the safety and the health promotion. The reason why consumers prefer the organic food in the market is because the value of health promotion to be obtained through its consumption is expected to be bigger than the expense according to the purchase of organic food. This study has the significance in developing the direct evaluation model like the human biomonitoring method. The hypothesis for this study is summarized, “If the metabolome of metabolic syndrome of decreases, the exposure of substance of health harm decreases, the number of hospital care decreases and the quality of life shall be improved if the organic food is incepted in the long term and the health care is managed well”. The consumer’s cooperative and the health consumer's cooperative select the experimental group of 100 persons and the comparative group of 100 persons in 5 areas in the whole country at the same time to verify this hypothesis. Its rate of change is compared and analyzed by measuring the blood and urine of each biomarkers such as the exposed agriculture pesticides, the nitrate in the body at intervals of 2 months for 1 year. Also, by letting participants in the experiment record the major activity such as the dietary intake and the exercise, etc., in the questionnaire and the performance evaluation form, the statistical analysis for the correlation of this with the metabolome, etc., is conducted. The time that is called minimum 1 year and a lot of expense are required to implement this model. Accordingly, the cooperative study by composing the consortium of the interdisciplinary and the interagency is desirable.