In this study, in order to confirm the relationship between technical innovation competence and corporate performance, the effect of technical innovation competence of small and medium-sized manufacturing companies on corporate performance was identified, and entrepreneurship, which plays a role as a driving force in triggering technical innovation competence, was analyzed to determine whether there is a mediating effect between them. To conduct the research, first, the research model was established by examining previous studies on technical innovation competence, entrepreneurship, and corporate performance. Second, an on-line and offline survey was conducted for employees in companies after constructing a questionnaire that can verify the hypothesis suitable for the research model. Third, the hypothesis was verified by performing validity and reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis using a statistical program. Results of this study, first, it was found that R&D competence and technology innovation system, which are elements of technical innovation competence, had a significant effect on financial performance, and technology innovation system and technology accumulation capacity, had a significant effect on non-financial performance. Second, it was analyzed that entrepreneurship has a mediating effect in both R&D capability, technological innovation system and technology accumulation capability, which are elements of technical innovation capability, and financial and non-financial performance, elements of corporate performance.

이 논문은 정부의 스타트업지원에 대한 대규모 투자지원 정책이 해외 벤처캐피탈의 투자를 활성화하는지(trigger), 아니면 구축하는지(crowd-out)를 중국의 대중창업 만중혁신 캠페인의 맥락을 통해 연구한다. 벤처 투자 및 창업 생태계의 역사가 얼마 되지 않아 민간 투자자가 선뜻 투자를 시도하기 어려운 초창기 단계에서는, 정부의 이른바 뉴딜과 같은 대규모 지원이 마중물로 작용할 수 있다. 그러나, 스타트업의 투자가치에 대한 신중한 고려없이 무 작정 큰 금액을 전망이 낮은 스타트업에 무분별로 살포하는 방식은 자칫 투자타당성조사를 토대로 협상을 통해 투자를 결정하려는 민간 벤처투자자의 시도를 무력화함으로써, 합리적인 민간 투자자로부터의 투자를 감소시킬 위험이 있다. 2008년부터 2018년에 이르기까지 중국의 35개 지역에서 일어난 벤처투자의 동향을 분석한 결과, 2015년 정부의 대대적인 지원 정책 이후 국내투자자의 투자 증가폭은 해외 투자로부터의 투자 증가폭을 크게 상 회하며, 정책실시 이후 국내 투자가 크게 증가한 지역일수록, 해외 투자의 증가폭이 감소하는 구축효과(crowdout effect)가 나타난다. 해외투자자의 중국에서의 투자 이탈 현상은 중국 내에서도 비교적 자본주의 시장 제도 가 잘 구축되어 있던 지역에서 더 크게 관측되는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과는 정부의 대규모 벤처투자지원 정책에는 장점 만큼이나 정부실패의 위험 또한 존재하므로 각 지역별 혹은 산업별로 창업생태계의 조성단계와 산업별 특성을 고려하지 않은 소위 One-size-fits-all의 천편일률적인 정책에 한계가 존재할 수 있음을 시사한다.

이 연구는 국가경쟁력을 향상시키는 조건으로서 기술창업의 역할에 대해 분석 한다. 기업가의 지식확산이론(Knowledge Spillover Theory of Entrepreneurship)을 기반으로, 국가 내 기술기반 창업의 비중이 국가경쟁력을 높이는 데 어떠한 영향을 주는지 분석한다. 또한 국가경제개발 단계 측면에서 혁신주도형경제(Innovation-driven economy)에 해당 되는 경우 국가경쟁력에 미치는 기술창업의 영향력이 어떻게 조절되는지 살펴본다. 2011년 부터 2014년까지 83개 국가의 기술창업, 국가경쟁력지수, 경제개발단계 등의 데이터를 기반으로 분석한 결과, 국가 내 기술창업비율은 국가경쟁력과 U자형 관계를 가진다는 점을 확인 했다. 또한 국가 발전단계 상혁신주도형경제에 해당되는 국가의 경우 이 관계는 강화되는 방향으로 조절되는 점을 확인했다. 이 연구는 기술 기반의 창업 비율이 증가할수록 국가경쟁력에 무조건 긍정적 영향을 미치지 않으며 상황과 조건이 잘 맞아야 함을 강조한다.

The purpose of this research was to test the effects of entrepreneurship and technological innovation capability on new product performance in SMEs and the moderating role of absorption capability. For this study, Research data were collected through questionnaire instruments from the sample of 374 employees in 18 SMEs of metropolitan area. The 336 sample was selected and analyzed by hierarchical regression technique. The results showed that entrepreneurship and technological innovation capability had a positive effect on new product performance. And also found out absorption capability had the moderate roles between all the three factors of technological innovation capability factors and new product performance, but not between all the three factors of entrepreneurship and new product performance. With the research results, the implications for technical management of SMEs were discussed, and the directions for future research were suggested.

The restaurant industry is more engaged in innovation now. Many entrepreneurs realized that the restaurant sector faces major challenging market environments: changing needs of customers, high competition, low barriers to entry, high labor costs, and innovation technology. The market orientation drives business learning about customers. Engaged customers can assist firms to improve performance by getting involved with the firm’s product innovation. Innovation could help restaurants to improve the products and service quality, cut costs, increase sales and profits; it is the basic condition for the survival of restaurant entrepreneurs. However, studies about how the innovation affects restaurant performance were still limited to describe the overview of products innovation process (Ivkov et al., 2016). Resource-based theory takes the internal resources and capabilities of a firm as valuable sources of competitive advantage. How to combine internal resources and quickly respond to market needs to create performance of innovation entrepreneurship that still unclear and worth exploring in depth discussion. Based on the above, This study personal interview with twelve restaurant entrepreneur, government experts and scholars reveal how absorptive capacity could strengthen the link between positional advantage and innovation for entrepreneurship restaurants with the influence of customer engagement. The positional advantages can make enterprise differentiate with their competitors, that including entrepreneurial orientation, human capital and market orientation (Jogaratnam,2017). The experts believe that innovation entrepreneurs need to adopt an open mind, seek new opportunities in the catering market, acquire or develop new technologies and launching new products / services in the market, using high returns and high risk strategies in search of success in market. Training and educating team members are effective way to improve their innovation entrepreneurship.

Introduction In view of the fact that innovation and entrepreneurship are the major trends in the tourism and hospitality industry and the entry technology for the tourism and hospitality industry is easier for start-ups than for high-tech industries and for small and medium-sized enterprises with low thresholds for investment, the demand for business start-ups by the general public has become more and more frequent The larger the cultivation of talents is, the more intense it is. At present, foreign countries have begun to pay more attention to the tourism and hospitality industry for innovation and entrepreneurship (Weiermair, Stiller, & Mossenlechner, 2006; Zapalska, Brozik, & Rudd, 2004; Lee, Hallak, & Sardeshmukh, 2016), there is a lack of integration and comprehensiveness. Most studies only focus on the entrepreneur's personal characteristics, entrepreneur's personal factors, and entrepreneurial psychology (Hisrich, 1990; Littunen, 2000; Zapalska et al., 2004; Ramos-Rodriguez et al., 2012). Compared with the previous single-level discussion, this study will explore the key elements of innovation and entrepreneurship in tourism and hospitality industry through expert interview. Theoritical Development Innovation plays an important central role in entrepreneurship (Hebert & Link, 2006). In the past, there was also a lot of empirical research that identified innovation as a tenet of hotel organization performance (Agarwal, Erramilli, & Dev, 2003; Grissemann, Plank, & Brunner-Sperdin, 2013; Lin, 2013; Lee et al., 2016). Hotel industry products are difficult to protect through patents, etc. Therefore, continuous product innovation is very important for the hotel industry and is the main factor in keeping the leading competitive edge in the industry (Agarwal et al., 2003). What's more, implementing a new management structure, improving operational efficiency through new technologies, and new logistics and delivery systems make the enterprise a price-competitive advantage with lower costs due to innovation (Lin, 2013). In addition Enz and Siguaw (2003) believe that hoteliers can gain more competitive advantage if they can integrate and implement innovations in daily operations. From the study of Ndubisi and Iftikhar (2012), it is found that entrepreneurship really affects the innovation of SMEs. All in all, the current tourism and hospitality industry in Taiwan is mostly characterized by SMEs. According to the literature review, this study finds that innovation is the intermediary variable that catalyzes the initiation of entrepreneurial activity by innovation. Research Design The data on which this paper is based consist of expert concepts of hotel innovation and entrepreneurship in Taiwan and investigations into their views on innovation and entrepreneurship, which have developed over the course of their specialized experience. The experts had an average of 13 years of experience in researching, teaching, or hospitality management in the field of hotel innovation and entrepreneurship. The scholars we selected had excellent academic reputations and teaching experience in innovation and entrepreneurship. Most of the industry experts selected had experience in assisting hotels to carry out their innovation and entrepreneurship, whose duties are relevant to organizational innovation and entrepreneurship implementation and whose corporations have pursued innovation and entrepreneurship related activities that can be found in mass media or are certified in innovation and entrepreneurship related practices. Result and Conclusion As the hotel industry continues to expand, innovation and entrepreneurship initiatives are imperative. In this study, the innovation and entrepreneurship conceptual framework in the hotel industry contains not only the elements of personal factors, organizational factors, but also innovation and entrepreneurship performance, such as competitive advantages. That is, hotels can implement innovation and entrepreneurship through personal or organizational factors. For instance, encouraging members to interact and learn together, through mutual trust toward a common goal, and then create business and personal fruitful. It can provide a clear and complete process of an innovation and entrepreneurship program, which is important for practitioners to reduce uncertainty and the cost of trial and error and increase their motivation to practice.

The purpose of this study includes: Firstly, to examine the effects of corporate entrepreneurship on market orientation, radical innovation, and organizational performance. Secondly, to examine the mediating effect of the market orientation, radical innovation on the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and organizational performance. In order to verify the relationships and mediating effect, data were collected from convenient sample of 269 employees at small and medium enterprises in Busan, Ulsan, Gyeongju city to test theoretical model and its hypotheses. All data collected from the survey were analyzed using with SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. This study reports findings as followed: first, the relationship between the corporate entrepreneurship and the market orientation is positively related. Second, there was also a positive correlation between the corporate entrepreneurship and the radical innovation. Third, there was also a positive correlation between the market orientation and the radical innovation. Fourth, the relationship between the market orientation and the organizational performance is positively related. Fifth, there was also a positive correlation between the corporate entrepreneurship and the organizational performance. Sixth, there was also a positive correlation between the radical innovation and the organizational performance. Finally, the market orientation played as a partial mediator on the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and radical innovation. The market orientation and radical innovation played as a partial mediator on the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and organizational performance. Also, the radical innovation played as a partial mediator on the relationship between market orientation and organizational performance. Based on these findings, the limitations of the study and some directions for future studies were presented.

This paper reviewed the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship(innovativeness, risktaking, proactiveness) and managerial innovation(organization innovation, human resource innovation), and the moderating effect of shared vision. The data to verify proposed hypothesis consist of the responses from 243 employees in Kyeong-Gi and Kang-Won province. The results of hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that innovativeness and proactiveness are related positively with organization innovation and human resource innovation, but risktaking is not related with innovation. Although risktaking has not effect on human resource innovation, it is appeared that it will be positively related with human resource innovation while shared vision is high.