우리나라 집합건물법에서는 관리인을 집합건물 관리단의 대표자로 규정하고 있다. 그런데 법인의 대표자 적격성과 관련하여, 우리나라에서는 자연인만이 법인의 대표자가 될 수 있고, 법인 그 자체는 다른 법인의 대표자가 될 수 없다고 이해하는 것이 학설상 일반적인 이해의 태도이다. 그리고 이러한 일반적 이해의 태도에 따른다면 집합건물법상 구분소유자로 구성되는 단체인 관리단은 비록 그 법적 성질이 권리능력 없는 사단에 해당한다고 할지라도 단체법의 일반원칙이 적용되어 법인은 관리단의 대표자가 될 수 없다고 함이 논리적이다. 그런데 집합 건물에서의 관리단의 대표자인 관리인의 자격 요건과 관련하여서는 이러한 일반 적인 이해의 태도와는 달리 법인도 집합건물 관리단의 관리인이 될 수 있다는 주장이 오히려 별다른 여과 없이 받아들여지고 있는 실정이다. 한편, 법인도 관리인이 될 수 있다는 주장은 일본에서의 구분소유법에 대한 해석 론으로 평가된다. 그러나 일본에서의 구분소유법에 대한 해석론은 우리나라 집합 건물법과 일본 구분소유법에 대한 차이를 고려하면서 참조할 필요가 있다. 즉, 우리나라 집합건물법상의 관리인은 관리단이라는 비법인사단의 대표자이지만, 일본에서는 구분소유자로 구성된 단체가 당연히 성립하지도 않으며 관리인도 구분소유자들의 대표자가 아니다. 따라서 법인도 관리인이 될 수 있다는 일본에서 의 설명은 우리나라에서 그대로 받아들일 수 없는 설명이다. 그리고 일본의 구분 소유법은 구분소유자들이 단체를 설립하여 집합건물을 관리할 수 있도록 관리조 합법인에 관한 규정을 두고 있다. 이러한 관리조합법인의 대표자는 우리 법에서의 관리인에 해당하는데, 법인은 이러한 관리조합법인의 대표자인 관리인이 될 수 없다. 일본의 “일반사단법인과 재단법에 관한 법률”은 법인이 다른 법인의 이사가 될 수 없음을 규정하고 있기 때문이다. 따라서 일본에서의 논의를 참고하고자 한다면 법인은 관리인에 해당하는 관리조합법인의 대표자가 될 수 없다는 일본법 의 규정을 참조해야 한다. 이럴 경우, 결론적으로는 우리 법에서도 법인은 집합건 물 관리단의 대표자인 관리인이 될 수 없다고 보아야 한다.

Most Korean companies in the fashion industry are SMEs, and the role of the CEO and management ownership is important for enhancing the firm’s competence and developing strategies. The study aims to examine the effect of management ownership on company financial growth. In particular, the study focuses on the moderating effect of company age and size on Korean fashion SMEs’ financial outcomes. Financial data based on company financial statements from 2012 to 2014 was collected by the Data Analysis, Retrieval and Transfer System of Korea’s Financial Supervisory Service. A total of 295 companies’ (domestic fashion businesses) data was analyzed by the bootstrap method. The median sales value in the financial year 2014 was 47,492,403,958 KRW, and the company size was divided by it. The companies were in business for an average of 20 years. According to the results, the management ownership had a negative effect on Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) for the three-years, and the relationship between the two variables was moderated by company age. Additionally, the interaction effect of management ownership and company age on 3-CAGR was also moderated by company size. When the companies had spent only a few years in business, a negative effect of management ownership for small firms and a positive effect of management ownership on financial growth for medium firms were found. These results suggest that small companies starting business need to manage their company governance structure to make flexible decisions, and after retaining financial growth, the companies can expand their businesses based on strong ownership.

The human and capital resources from foreign investors are important sources of finance for developing countries. Foreign ownership can help the firm to raise funds for operations and the foreign management can help the firm expand the market and improve management. However, does this really happen to Vietnamese firm? To find the answer to that question, this paper examines the impact of foreign ownership and management on the financial performance of listed firms on Vietnam’s stock market. The data collected include 427 listed firms in all fields over five years, from 2014 to 2018. The financial performance is measured by Tobin’s Q, ROA and ROE. The study carried out testing of each model by the least squares method of Pool OLS, assessing random effects (REM) and evaluating fixed effects (FEM). The most effective model is the FEM model. The results show that the foreign ownership ratio and the size of the firm have a positive impact on the financial performance. The foreign management, the age of the firms, the liquidity and financial leverage have a negative impact on the financial performance. Based on the research results, the study proposes some recommendations to improve the financial performance of listed firms in Vietnam.

Earnings management behavior is the use of accounting procedures, through accounting policies, to intentionally purposeful control in the provision of information to users. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between ownership structure factors and earnings management behavior of 30 Vietnamese commercial banks. The paper uses the ordinary least square method to examine this relationship and employs time series data of 15 years from 2005 to 2019. The study also uses agency theory an asymmetric information theory. The authors examined six independent variables related to the ownership structure and these variables are typical of Vietnamese commercial banks. The results of the study show that the foreign ownership ratio is an opposite effect, while the ownership concentration variable has a positive effect on earnings management behavior of Vietnamese commercial banks. Based on that, the article proposes a number of policy suggestions for the State bank of Vietnam and Board of directors of commercial banks as well as investors to identify and to limit the earnings management behaviors of Vietnamese commercial banks. This contributes to ensuring information transparency as well as improving the quality of accounting information of Vietnamese commercial banks in the coming years.