본 연구는 만학도의 학습참여동기, 사회적지지, 자기효능감이 생성형 AI의 인식에 미치는 영향을 확인하는 데 목적을 두었다. 연구의 대상자 는 서울 소재의 B대학교에 재학 중인 만학도로, 기간은 2024년 6월 5일 부터 6월 20일까지 설문 조사를 실시하여 최종 설문지 191부를 SPSS 25.0을 활용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구는 첫째, 만학도의 생성형 AI에 대 한 사전경험을 살펴보고 학습참여동기, 사회적지지, 자기효능감, 생성형 AI에 대한 인식을 알아보았으며, 학습참여동기와 사회적지지, 자기효능감 이 생성형 AI 인식에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 첫째, 본 연구 참여자인 만학도의 인구사회학적 변인의 빈도분석에서 조사대상자의 84.75%가 60대 이상의 고령학습자였고 참여자가 스스로 생각하는 생성 형 AI에 대한 이해도는 매우 낮음에서 보통까지의 이해도가 전체 86.2% 를 차지하였다. 또한 생성형 AI를 사용하지 못하는 이유로 사용 의지는 있으나 접근방법이나 정보가 부족하다고 생각하였다. 둘째, 만학도의 학 습참여동기 중 활동지향적 동기가 생성형 AI의 교육적 인식에 정적으로 유의한 영향을 미쳤으나, 자기효능감은 부적으로 영향을 미쳐, 인공지능 에 대한 다양하고 충분한 수행 경험이 선행되어야 할 것으로 사료되었 고, 후속연구에서는 고령 만학도 특성에 기반한 다양한 AI 수업 적용 연 구가 이루어져야 할 것을 제안하였다.

This study aimed to verify the validity of a measurement tool for Vietnamese high school students’ systems thinking abilities. Two quantitative assessment tools, the Systems Thinking Measuring Instrument (Lee et al., 2013) and the Systems Thinking Scale (Dolansky et al., 2020), were used to measure students’ systems thinking after translation into Vietnamese. As a result, it was revealed that Cronbach-α for each tool (i.e., STMI and STS) was .917 and .950, respectively, indicating high reliability for both. To validate the construct validity of the translated questionnaire, exploratory factor analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0, and confirmatory factor analysis was performed using AMOS 21.0. For concurrent validity, correlation analysis using structural equation modeling was performed to validate the translated questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that 10 items from the STMI and 12 items from the STS loaded on the intended factors and appropriate factor loading values were obtained. For confirmatory factor analysis, a structural equation model organized with 10 items from the STMI and 12 items from the STS was used. The result of this showed that the convergent validity values of the model were all appropriate, and the model fit indices were analyzed to be χ 2 /df of 1.892, CFI of .928, TLI of .919, SRMR of .047, and RMSEA of .063, indicating that the model consisting of the 22 items of the two questionnaires was appropriate. Analysis of the concurrent validity of the two tools indicated a high correlation coefficient (.903) and high correlation (.571-.846) among the subfactors. In conclusion, both the STMI and STS are valid quantitative measures of systems thinking, and it can be inferred that the systems thinking of Vietnamese high-school students can be quantitatively measured using the 22 items identified in our analysis. Using the tool validated in this study with other tools (e.g., qualitative assessment) can help accurately measure Vietnamese high school students’ systems thinking abilities. Furthermore, these tools can be used to collect evidence and support effective education in ODA projects and volunteer programs.

The purpose of this study is to investigate Korean college students’ syntactic development, especially the order of acquisition in terms of the types of the sentences and clauses written in English essays. Eighty-six Korean female college students in Seoul participated in this study. For research method, the students wrote English essays with the given topic through the test web site. The essays were scored on a scale of one to six., and then were divided into three proficiency groups. After that, the students’ essays were analyzed and counted by types of sentences/clauses and frequency: simple/compound/complex sentences and nominal/adverbial/adjective clauses. The findings revealed significant differences in the frequency of different types of clauses by students’ English levels. The results showed that the amount of sentences/clauses based on the level of English proficiency was quite different. In particular, significant differences were found in the use of the complex sentences and subordinate clauses by levels. In addition, the use of adjective (relative) clauses was prominent only in the advanced level. Teaching implications were discussed and future research suggestions were made at the end of the paper.