This study investigated the seasonal occurrence of bark and wood-boring Coleoptera in Pinus densiflora (Siebold & Zucc.) (Pinales: Pinaceae), and Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) (Pinales: Pinaceae) stands using multi-funnel traps baited with pine volatiles in Korea. The number and species of bark and woodboring beetles caught in traps baited with ethanol, α-pinene, and ethanol+α-pinene were compared to determine the effective attractants. In addition, the effects of other pine volatiles, such as (-)-β-pinene, β-caryophyllene, (±)-limonene, β-myrcene, and 3-carene, were investigated. A total of 13,134 wood-boring beetles from 150 species were collected from pine and larch stands from 2019 to 2020. Tomicus minor (Hartig) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) adults were more attracted to traps baited with α-pinene, whereas Xyleborinus saxesenii (Ratzeburg) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Cyclorhipidion pelliculosum (Eichhoff) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and Phloeosinus pulchellus (Blandford) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) adults were more attracted to traps baited with ethanol. Hylurgops interstitialis (Chapuis) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Shirahoshizo genus group, Rhagium inquisitor (Linne) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and Rhadinomerus maebarai (Voss & Chûjô) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) were more frequently attracted to traps baited with ethanol+α-pinene than to traps baited with other attractants. The addition of 3-carene to ethanol+α-pinene enhanced the capture of H. interstitialis, R. inquisitor, and Hylobius (Callirus) haroldi (Faust) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).

Three species of Pseudolarix including P. japonica, P. sp. A, and P. sp. B, all belonging to Pinaceae, are systematically described from the Middle Miocene Duho Formation of the Yeonil Group based on the detached seminiferous scales. The presence of Pseudolarix in the Yeonil flora indicates that various kinds of Pinaceae did flourish during the Middle Miocene. The occurrence of Pseudolarix is the first record in the Korean Tertiary flora.

Levels of total lipids in the seeds of three species of the Pinaceae family were determined and their fatty acid compositions were also analyzed by a gas-chromatograph equipped with a capillary column coated with Carbowax 20M. The results are summarized as follows: Lipid contents of the seeds amounted to 56.9% in P. koraiensis, 29.9% in P. thunbergii, and 21.2% in P. rigida. In all lipids 19~20 fatty acid were detected and, surprisingly, fatty acids having δ5-non-methylene interrupted conjugate double bond such as δ5, 9-C18:2,δ5, 9, 12-C18:3 and δ5, 11, 14-C20:3 occurred in appreciable amounts. In the lipids of P. koraiensis, the main component was C18:2Ω6(45.0%), followed by C18:1Ω 9(26.9%) and δ5, 9, 12-C18:3(14.6%), and then δ5, 9-C18:2(2.2%) and δ5, 11, 14-C20:3 were also present. Levels of saturated fatty acid such as C16:0 and C18:0 were as low as 7.5%. The seed oil of P. thunbergii predominantly comprised C18:2Ω6(45.2%), and was then occupied by equal amounts δ5, 9, 12-C18:3(18.1%) and C18:1Ω9(18.1%). Its δ5, 11, 14-C20:3(5.8%) level was the highest in the samples tested. δ5, 9-C18:2(2.8%) was also detected with other minor components. In the oils from the seeds of P. rigida, C18:2Ω6 was present as a main component, accompanied by C18:1Ω9(21.6%) and δ5, 9, 12-C18:3(20.3%). The latter showed higher level than in any other samples. A minor component corresponding to δ5, 9, 12, 15-C18:4(not confirmed by GC-Mass) occurred in P. thunbergii and P. rigida.