This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the measurement and distribution of microplastics in the atmosphere and their role in the adsorption and transport of organic and inorganic pollutants. Due to their small size, large surface area, and hydrophobic nature, microplastics can adsorb a wide range of pollutants, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals. These pollutants, strongly bound to the surface of microplastics, can remain suspended in the atmosphere for extended periods, facilitating the widespread distribution of contaminants. Building on existing research, this paper systematically reviews the sampling, pretreatment, and analytical methodologies applied to study microplastics in the air. Furthermore, it examines the influence of environmental factors on the adsorption and desorption dynamics of pollutants associated with microplastics. Various studies indicate that microplastics can interact with pollutants such as heavy metals, organic compounds, and microorganisms to form complex contaminants. These complexes can be transported and redistributed across long distances in the atmosphere, amplifying their environmental and health impacts. This review highlights that microplastics are not merely a pollutant themselves but serve as a vehicle for the migration and dispersion of other contaminants. This dual role emphasizes the significant risks microplastics pose to public health and the environment, necessitating further research and effective mitigation strategies.

원전이 위치한 동해 월성 연안역 주변에서 오염물 이동·확산에 대한 수치 모사를 수행하였다. 월성 연안역의 유속장 재현을 위한 해수유동 수치모형 실험은 EFDC(Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code) 모델을 사용하여 조위 시계열 검증 및 조화분석을 통한 검증을 실시한 결과 양호한 재현성을 나타내었다. 월성 주변해역의 유속장 산정 결과 창조류시에는 남향, 낙조류 시에는 북향으로 진행되는 결과를 알 수 있었다. 또한 국립수산과학원에서 관측한 수온, 염분의 자료를 이용하여 수치모델을 통한 계산값과 관측값을 비교한 결과 양호한 재현성을 나타내었다. 계산된 해수유동자료와 수온, 염분의 결과를 이용하여 오염물질의 확산특성을 해석하였다.

The complex nature of low flow mixing in natural channels has been investigated using both laboratory experiments and the numerical solution of a proposed mathematical model that is based on a set of mass balance equations describing the mixing and mass exchange mechanisms. Laboratory experiments, which involved collection of channel geometry, hydraulic, and dye dispersion test data, were conducted in a model of four pool and riffle sequences in a 49-m long tilting flume. The experimental results show that flow over the model pool-riffle sequences is highly non-uniform. Concentration-time curves are significantly skewed with long tails. Comparison between measured and predicted concentration-time curves shows good agreement in the general shape, peak concentration and time to peak. The proposed model shows significant improvement over the conventional one-dimensional dispersion model in predicting natural mixing processes in open channels under low flow conditions through pools and riffles.

Current measurements at 3 sections and numerical experiments were carried out in Masan Bay to understand the effect of the wind on the residual currents and pollutant transport. The vertical distribution of horizontal velocities were directly affected by the wind at the depths of 1m and 2m beneath the sea surface. Analysis of the velocity data suggested that changes in the vertical gravitational circulation contributed to the net circulation. The net transport of water through the northern part of the bay was observed to be landward, with wind-induced transport of about 100m super(3)/s. Hence, wind is concluded to be the dominant mechanism driving the net circulation in the northern area of Masan Bay. Numerical experiments are shown that when S wind with 5m/s blew, northern area of the bay was generated the horizontal circulation of clockwise and local gyre. On the contrary of those, N wind made her to the anti-clockwise. In the case of no wind, the tidal residual current(constant flow) is very small or neglected except the bay-mouth. The inflow or outflow pattern of the mouth is considered as the flows generated by tidal residual current only. The distance of wind-induced transport of pollutant was as long as 2 times of no wind during the one tidal period.

본 연구에서는 SMS 모형을 이용하여 하천에 유입된 오염물질의 이송 및 확산 특성을 파악하기 위하여 실제 흐름에 적용하였다. 연구대상 수로구간은 한강하류부인 반포대교에서 가양대교까지를 실험하였으며, 수치모형으로는 RMA-2와 RMA-4를 사용하였다. RMA-2 모형을 통해 수치모의 결과와 실제 흐름에서의 확산범위 및 확산에 영향을 미치는 확산계수변화에 따른 농도 분포를 비교 분석하였고, RMA-4 모형을 통해 오염물질이 유입되었을 때 확산규모 및 이송특성을 분석하였다. 이 때의 경계조건으로 사용되는 유량 및 수위자료는 갈수기 기간을 선정하여, 한강 홍수통제소에서 제공하는 자료를 사용하였다. 수치모의 결과 갈수기 기간의 오염물질의 확산특성의 경우 확산계수의 영향을 거의 받지 않으며, 오염물의 도달속도는 오염물질이 유입된 지점에서 하류부로 갈수록 감소하였다.

본 연구에서는 사행하는 자연하천에 유입된 오염물질의 2차원 확산 특성을 모의하기 위하여 2차원 수심적분 모형인 RMA2와 RMA4를 사용하였다. 먼저 2차원 동수역학적인 모형인 RMA2를 사용하여 흐름장을 모의한 후 이 결과를 2차원 수질모형인 RMA4에 입력하여 농도장을 모의하였다. 수치모형을 S자형 사행수로에서 측정한 흐름 및 추적자 농도자료를 이용하여 검증한 결과, RMA4 모형은 최대유속선이 만곡의 내측에 치우쳐 나타나는 현상을 잘 모의하고 있었