In this study, various pre-treatment methods were evaluated for microalgae separation. These methods aimed to facilitate safe, rapid, and cost-effective online imaging for real-time observation and cell counting. As pre-treatment techniques, heating, chemical hydrolysis, heating combined with chemical hydrolysis, and sonication were employed. The effectiveness of these methods was evaluated in the context of online imaging quality through experimentation on cultivated microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus quadricauda). The chemical treatment method was found to be inappropriate for improving image acquisition. The heating pre-treatment method exhibited a drawback of prolonged cell dispersion time. Additionally, the heating combined with chemical hydrolysis method was confirmed to have the lowest dispersion effect for Chlorella vulgaris. Conversely, ultrasonication emerged as a promising technique for microalgae separation in terms of repeatability and reproducibility. This study suggests the potential for selecting optimal pre-treatment methods to effectively operate real-time online monitoring devices, paving the way for future research and applications in microalgae cultivation and imaging.

고체 산화물 연료전지의 전해질로 주로 사용되는 8mol.%Y2O3-ZrO2는 전기 전도성은 우수하나 기계적 특성이 좋지 못하므로, 전기적 특성과 기계적 특성이 동시에 우수한 고체산화물 연료전지의 전해질의 개발이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 두 가지 요구조건을 충족시키기 위해서 수행되어졌다. 단위전지의 공기극 재료인 LSM(La(sub)0.75Sr(sub)0.25MnO3) 기판과 Si wafer를 기판으로 기계적 성질이 우수한 3mol.%의 YSZ(3-YSZ)와 전기 전도성이 우수한 8mol.%의 YSZ(8-YSZ)를 각각 단층 및 다층 박막의 네 가지 형태로 전자빔 코팅에 의해 전해질 막을 제작하였다. 박막층의 분석결과, 결정조직은 증착된 3-YSZ 박막의 정방정 및 일부 단사정 구조, 8-YSZ 박막은 입방정 구조의 결정성이 나타났다. 단층막 보다 다층막이 낮은 내부 응력을 보였으며, 다층막이 기존의 8-YSZ 단층막의 열처리 전, 후와 비슷한 미세 경도 값을 보였다.

The four transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc have been used for making induced pluripotent stem cells. Many efforts have focused on reducing the number of transcription factors, especially c-Myc and Klf4 known as oncogene, for making induced pluripotent stem cells. Recently it have been demonstrated that Oct4 and Sox2 are able to reprogram human fibroblasts or cord blood cells to induced pluripotent stem cells and Oct4 has the ability to reprogram mouse and human neural stem cell to induced pluripotent stem cells. These researches imply cell types for reprogramming experiments have great influence on selection of reprogramming factors. Here we report that pig kidney cortex fibroblasts need only c-Myc factor when they are used for making induced pluripotent stem cells. We used two vector system including drug-inducible vector system and constitutive expression vector system. The two systems generate induced pluripotent stem cells from pig kidney fibroblasts successfully. These one-factor induced pluripotent stem cells are not only similar but also different to pig embryonic stem-like cells. These two one-factor induced pluripotent stem cell lines can express pluripotency related genes and be differentiated into all three germ layers in vitro. However, these two cell lines can be sub-cultured as a single cell by trypsin. Our results support that single factor, c-Myc, is sufficient to converting pig kidney cortex fibroblasts into induced pluripotent stem cells.

Human embryonic stem (ES) cells are a potential source of cells for developmental studies and for a variety of applications in transplantation therapies and drug discovery. However, human ES cells are difficult to culture and maintain at a large scale, which is one of the most serious obstacles in human ES cell research. Culture of human ES cells on MEF cells after disassociation with accutase has previously been demonstrated by other research groups. Here, we confirmed that human ES cells (H9) can maintain stem cell properties when the cells are passaged as single cells under a feeder-free culture condition. Accutase-dissociated human ES cells showed normal karyotype, stem cell marker expression, and morphology. We prepared frozen stocks during the culture period, thawed two of the human ES cell stocks, and analyzed the cells after culture with the same method. Although the cells revealed normal expression of stem cell marker genes, they had abnormal karyotypes. Therefore, we suggest that accutase-dissociated single cells can be usefully expanded in a feeder-free condition but chromosomal modification should be considered in the culture after freeze-thawing.