The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a nutrition education program for the elderly at a public health center located in Jinhae city. The one group pretest and posttest design was conducted using self-administered questionnaire survey. Nutrition education lessons based on social cognitive theory (2 hours/lesson, 3 times) were provided to 27 female elderly(≥65 yrs) for a month. After the nutrition education, number of exercise increased and preference for sweetness decreased significantly (p<0.05). The outcome expectations, the knowledge of nutrition (p<0.001), and behavioral capability (p<0.05) score were significantly increased. There were significant increases in all nutrient intake. NAR was increased significantly in protein, calcium and vitamin C (p<0.01), dietary fiber, iron, zinc, thiamin, niacin and folic acid (p<0.001), and riboflavin (p<0.05). INQ was increased significantly in thiamin, vitamin B6 and niacin (p<0.05), and dietary fiber (p<0.01). The score of nutrition education satisfaction was high (4.52). The results of this study suggested that the nutritional education program based on social cognitive theory had a positive effect on dietary behavior changes, and nutrition intake status among female elderly even after short-term intervention.

The purpose of the study was two-fold: to investigate the effects of a group-based book reading plus self-efficacy and outcome expectancy intervention on reading amount, perceived reading ability, reading behavior, and social cognitions and to examine influencing factors of book reading behaviors. Sixty-three sixth graders completed a ten-week book reading intervention in two experimental conditions: one with book-reading activities only and the other with a book-reading plus social cognition intervention. The control group (n=32) studied English in their regular English classes. Questionnaires were administered three times to assess the participants' social cognition, reading behavior, and perceptions of reading English books: right before and right after the intervention, and at eight weeks post intervention. The results showed positive effects of the intervention on reading amount, perceived reading ability, and reading behavior. Of the two experimental groups, the group that had received the book-reading plus social cognition intervention showed more positive results. At eight weeks post intervention, intervention effects on goal efficacy, reading behavior, and attitude toward reading were maintained. Social cognition was found to affect reading amount and behavior for the experimental groups. Research and practical implications are suggested.

The paper examines social entrepreneurial intention through outcome expectations. The proposed model incorporates outcome expectations from social cognitive career theory and theory of planned behaviors. The study also introduces a scale for outcome expectations in social entrepreneurship, including solving social problems, innovation, family tradition of social involvement, meaning in life, prestige and social recognition, competitive and favorite job and wealth. A survey of 279 students was conducted through face-to-face structured interviews. The confirm factor analysis and technique of structural equation modeling were used to explore relationships among latent constructs. Research results show that the outcomes impact only through three determinants of theory of planned behavior and do not have significant impact to social entrepreneurial intention. It suggests that outcome expectations may be a flexible factor. Individual outcome expectations can shift to motivations when facing favorable conditions such as family support, government support, etc. The findings suggest that the ability to predict social entrepreneurial intention of attitude toward behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. The proposed model in this study contributes importantly to the emerging literature on entrepreneurial intention, particularly to social entrepreneurial intention. This study is also the first quantitative study to measure the impact of outcome expectations on social entrepreneurial intention.

목적: 본 연구에서는 사회인지이론에 근거하여 경쟁상황과 수행력수준의 상호작용에 따라 관찰학습이 자기효능감에 미치는 영향에 대해서 살펴보았다. 방법: 대학부 운동선수 211명을 중압감(고), 중압감(저), 일반상황 3개 집단으로 무선 할당 한 후, 수행력 수준에 따라 관찰학습이 자기효능감에 미치는 영향력을 검증하기 위해서 위계적 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 결과: 수행력이 높은 선수는 그렇지 않은 선수보다 중압감이 높은 시합상황에서 관찰학습이 자기-효능감을 강화시키는 것으로 나타났다. 중압감이 낮은 상황에서는 수행력 수준에 상관없이 관찰학습이 자기-효능감을 높여주었고, 이런 정적 영향력은 수행력이 낮은 선수가 높은 선수보다 높았다. 결론: 본 연구를 통해 사회인지이론에서 제시한 인간행동에 대한 인지과정이 스포츠 영역에서 증명되었고, 경쟁상황에 따라 관 찰학습이 자기-효능감을 예측하는 정도는 달라졌다. 따라서 자기-효능감 측정 시, 스포츠에 존재하는 다양한 경쟁 상황을 함께 고려하는 것은 이론적으로나 실증적으로도 중요하다.