The purpose of this study is to develop guidelines for a Hindi A0 level evaluation test with its standardized Hindi curriculum. The development of a Hindi A0 level evaluation test is a basic requirement for ensuring internal stability of school education, because languages that uses special or unique characters that are not based on Roman alphabets, such as Hindi, Thai, and Persian, require a separate learning process or curriculum as well as their evaluation tests. This is not only in line with the purpose of the ‘Act on the Promotion of Education of Critical Foreign Languages’ enacted on August 2, 2016, but also because it can promote the substantiality of education in other critical foreign languages including Hindi, which had been conducted without a standardized curriculum. In other words, this study explores the concept of the A0 level that is not included in the CEFR, as a first step toward the realization of the ‘Common Asian Framework of Reference for languages’, the letters and pronunciations of which require a lot of time to learn. To this end, a guideline of an evaluation test for Asian languages is also proposed.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of EarthComm implementation in the U.S. high schools in terms of demographic background including school size, urban/rural area, and teachers' teaching experiences. In addition, this study examined impact of students' higher-order thinking skills by using the visions of National Science Education Standards. Two modular of the EarthComm curriculum were used for this purpose with thirty one teachers and around thousand students involved across four states. Findings were that EarthComm did not significantly impact student achievement differentially in schools of varying sizes and school location, i.e., urban and rural areas. The years of teaching experiences did not impact student achievement scores for Module I but did significantly impact for Module II. It is noted that the two results seemingly conflict with each other similar to other research findings (Ferguson, 1998; Yager et al., 1988). Student higher-order thinking skills, on the other hand, were significantly improved as a result of studying with EarthComm. Implications were discussed at the end of the paper.

본 연구는 국가 교육과정 성취기준이 교실 수업으로 실행되기 위한 실효적인 방안을 살펴본 것이다. 이를 위해 국가 교육과정 성취기준에 대한 이론적 측면 및 실천적인 측면에서의 현 실태와 문제점을 알아보고, 교육과정 성취기준의 실천 방안을 제안하였다. 현재의 국가 성취기준을 좀 더 학년별, 교과별로 수직적, 수평적 정합성을 갖추도록 체계화시켜 개발하여 현장에서 재구성에 어려움이 없도록 지원하여야 한다. 따라서 우선적으로 하향식 설계를 제안하였다. 교과 수준에서 보면 성취기준들을 보다 의미 식별이 가능하게 좀 더 명확하게 진술할 필요도 있다. 그리고 각 시·도교육청 지침이나 장학자료에서 실행 가능한 기준을 설정해 볼 수 있음을 제안하였다. 다양하고 차별화된 지역의 특색을 반영하여 구체적으로 제시함으로써 학교(교사)교육과정 성취기준을 개발할 때 안내 자료의 역할을 할 수 있을 것이다. 마지막으로 교사의 실행 계획은 교육과정 연구회나 학습공동체 등을 통하여 집단적이고 전문적인 협의의 과정을 거쳐 수립해야 한다. 이러한 과정을 거쳐 창의적이고 자발적으로 수업에 적용할 때 국가 교육과정 성취기준은 현장에서 구현될 가능성이 지금보다는 높아질 것으로 기대된다.