Lee, Seo-Rah & Kang, Hyeon-Seok. (2023). “A Socio-onomastic Study of the Recent Trends and Characteristics of Koreans’ Names”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea, 31(4), 121-147. This study examines the latest trends and changes in Korean naming practice within the socio-onomastic framework. Using the data from the website of the Supreme Court of Korea, the present research analyzes the linguistic features of baby names registered between 2010 and 2021 and identifies how these features reflect the social and cultural characteristics of Korea. The study focuses on popular names (and their first and last letters), syllable structure, types of the coda consonant, and unisex names. The most preferred names for males and females were ‘서준 (Seo-Jun)’ and ‘서윤 (Seo-Yun)’, respectively. Both male and female names showed a preference for ‘지(Ji)’ as the first letter of the name. ‘준 (Jun)’ and ‘은 (Eun)’ were the most frequently used second letter for male names and female names, respectively. For both male and female names, the syllable structure without a coda is increasing while the CVC structure is rapidly decreasing. For both genders, ‘ㄴ’ is the coda consonant with the highest frequency. Male names were found to end with a coda such as ‘ㄱ, ㄴ, ㄹ, ㅁ, ㅂ, ㅇ, ㅊ’, but the use of obstruents ‘ㄱ’, ‘ㅂ’ is sharply decreasing. For female names, ‘ㄴ, ㄹ, ㅁ, ㅇ’ were almost categorically used for the final coda. The study also finds that ‘unisex names’ have significantly increased since the 1970s in Korea.

This article examines the variations found in the use of ‘eung’ and ‘eo’ in TV dramas and their scripts. Five series of TV drama televised during the 2010s were used as the data for this study, and 3,202 tokens of {eung} and {eo} were collected from the data. Statistical analyses were conducted using Goldvarb X and LVS (Language Variation Suite). Nine variants of {eung} and six variants of {eo} were observed in the data. Regression analyses showed that ‘discourse function’ of {eung} and {eo} was the primary constraint influencing the variation examined. Age was analyzed as another statistically significant factor: Older people used {eung} variants more often than younger people. This result may be taken to indicate either age grading or linguistic change in progress; further research based on careful methodology is in order for its accurate interpretation.

This paper investigates the naming of coloanal treatment hospitals and clinics, examining their name types and the etymological origins of their names. The research data were collected from the Permanent Members Directory of the Korean Society of Coloproctology published in 2015. The major findings of the research are as follows: 1) The names of the hospitals and clinics were mostly composed of one or two component names. 2) Specialty treatment names and suggestive names were used much more often than location names, owners' names, and owners' college names, which were traditionally regularly used in the past. 3) Clipping transformations, letter transformations, and transformations to metaphoric/ambiguous expressions were often observed in the data in order not to violate the medical law which prohibits the use of body part names in the naming of hospitals and clinics. 4) Much more Chinese-Korean names were used than native Korean and foreign names. 5) Strong socioeconomic motivations are observed in the naming of coloanal treatment hospitals and clinics.

본 연구에서는 한국기상청의 장기예측시스템 현업모형인 GloSea5의 성층권 극소용돌이 강화사례에 대한 예측성 을 진단 및 검증하였다. 진단에 사용된 통계량은 이상상관계수(ACC, Anomaly Correlation Coefficient)와 평균제곱근 예측성(MSSS, Mean Squared Skill Score)으로, 1991-2010년간 발생한 14개 극소용돌이 강화사례에 대한 GloSea5의 예측성한계는 ACC를 기준으로 13.6일, MSSS를 기준으로 18.5일로 나타났다. 모형의 평균제곱오차(MSE, Mean Squared Error)의 각 성분을 정량적으로 비교분석한 결과, 예측성을 저하시키는 가장 큰 요인은 맴돌이(에디)오차로, 그 중 에디의 위상오차가 전체 예측오차의 큰 부분을 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 극소용돌이 현상이 수평적으로 큰 규모를 가지는 만큼 동서파수 1의 에디와 관련한 오차가 더 작은 규모의 에디에 비해 가장 크게 예측오차에 기여하는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 분석한 사례들에 대하여 GloSea5의 대류권 순환에 대한 예측성은 성층권 예측성과는 큰 관련이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 단순히 GloSea5 모형이 성층권-대류권 접합과정을 잘 모의하지 못하기 때문에 나타난 결과로 유추할 수 있다. 하지만, 극소용돌이 강화에 의한 영향에 비해 대류권에서 내부변동성의 절대적인 크기가 종종 크게 나 타난다는 점을 감안하면, 모형에서 성층권-대류권 접합을 잘 모의하고 있더라도 극소용돌이 강화 자체만의 영향이 뚜렷 하게 나타나지 않았을 가능성 또한 간과하면 안 될 것이다.

Kang, Hyeon-Seok. & Kim, Minji. 2018. “A Multivariate Analytical Study of Variation Patterns of Honorific Final Endings in KakaoTalk Dialogue”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 26(1). 1~30. On the basis of KakaoTalk conversation data, this paper investigates the variations found in the use of honorific final endings, expecially haeyo and hapsyo styles. For this study we collected 3,087 tokens of honorific final endings from the dialogue of 8 KakaoTalk group chat rooms. Through multivariate analyses using Goldvarb and LVS, we examined whether the linguistic and external constraints, which were claimed by Kang (2011) to constrain the usage of haeyo and hapsyo styles in spoken language, also operate in the KakaoTalk dialogues. The results of the analyses revealed not only far more variants in the KakaoTalk data (12 variants of haeyo and 6 variants of hapsyo) than in spoken language but also various additional variants realized with pronunciation spelling and partial omission of final endings. As in the spoken language, ‘sentence type’, ‘speaker's gender’, ‘rituality of utterance’, and ‘formality of situation’ were analyzed as constraints which had a strong effect on the variation. In the data examined, besides haeyo and hapsyo styles, new honorific styles of hao, hasoseo, seupjyo, handayo, hasem/hasam were also found. Two new types of variants which was not yet discussed in previous studies, were also observed in the data: variants of ‘syam’ and ‘syeom’ of hasem/hasam styles and two variants of ‘yo’ realized with consonant addition to the onset position.

Kang, Hyeon-Seok. 2016. “Current Research Trends in Overseas Sociolinguistics: An Analysis Based on Recent Sociolinguistic Journal Articles and Conferences”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 24(3). 1~35. This paper is an attempt to analyze the current trends in sociolinguistic research overseas, focusing on sociolinguistic studies in the US and Britain. Three main analyses are performed in this research, i.e., analyses of the Journal of Sociolinguistics articles published in 2010~2015 years, of the sociolinguistic conferences held in 2015, and of the sociolinguistic session titles of the LSA meetings held in 2010~2015 years. The results of the analyses suggest that anthropological linguistics, language variation, discourse analysis, and language contact still remain as the most influential subfields of sociolinguistics, while research fields of sociophonetics, social media studies, language landscape, and documentary linguistics have been establishing themselves as new research areas since 1990s.

Kang Hyeon-seok. 2015. “Changes in the International Status of Korean and their Implications for Governmental Policies”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 23(3). 35~75. This study, first, examines the present international status/prestige of Korean on the basis of the number of speakers, the number of countries where it is spoken, the size of GDP by language, and the comprehensive evaluation considering other factors as well as the number of speakers and the economic factor. This research, next, predicts the ‘rather dismal’ future status of Korean based on the predicted statistics of Korea's future population and potential economic growth rate provided by domestic and international organizations. Finally, implications of the findings of this study are discussed and some suggestions on governmental policies, which could be of help to maintain the current international status of Korean, are given.

Terms Found in the Prayers of Protestantism and Buddhism. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 21(3). This study, on the basis of 200 prayers of Protestantism and Buddhism, examines address and reference terms for the objects of worship that are observed in each religion. The goals of this research were to investigate 1) what are the types of address and reference terms used in Protestant and Buddhist prayers, 2) whether the differences between the two religions in the address and reference terms derive from distinct philosophical or doctrinal background. Buddhist prayers were analyzed as using more various address terms for the objects of worship than Protestant prayers. Kinship address terms were used in a higher rate than in Protestant prayers, while the egalitarian type of address and reference terms were observed in Buddhist prayers alone. The latter difference is suggested by the researcher as originating from a disparity between the two religions in the relationship of worshipper and worshipped. In addition, style differences were observed between the two religions; in particular, vocative postpositions were significantly more frequently used in Buddhist prayers, giving exclamatory impressionistic effects to the prayers. Finally, whereas similar numbers of address and reference terms for the objects of worship were found in Buddhist prayers, more than thrice as many reference terms were observed as address terms in Protestant prayers, which reflects the Protestant worshippers' effort to interact continuously with the diety during the prayer. Some linguistic and sociolinguistic implications of the results are also discussed. (232 words)

Kang Hyeon-seok. 2012. A Comparative Sociolinguistic Study of Protestant and Buddhist Prayer Texts with a Focus on Sentence Type, Speech Act, and Hearer Honorifics. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 20(2). pp. 1-31. This paper analyzes 180 prayer texts of Protestantism and Buddhism (90 per each), and investigates differences in sentence types, speech acts, and hearer honorifics. More various sentence types were observed in Buddhist prayers than in Protestant prayers. In addition. more declaratives were used in the former, while more imperatives were found in the latter. In Buddhist prayers, speech acts of stating and promising were performed more often, whereas in Protestant prayers petitioning and thanking speech acts were found in a higher proportion. An attempt was made to explain these differences on the basis of different doctrinal and philosophical background of the two religions. Two kinds of analysis of hearer honorifics were conducted in this study: The first was based on the speech levels of different sentence ending styles; the second, a comprehensive analysis, was performed incorporating all the relevant factors in hearer honorification: sentence ending styles, politeness markers ‘-op-’ & ‘-si-’, and the auxiliary verb ‘juda’. The latter analysis proved to be more accurate and could reveal inter-religion differences that the former was not able to disclose. Different patterns of hearer honorifics used in the two religions’ prayer texts were attributed to two distinctly transmitted linguistic subcultures. Two additional phenomena of synchronic and diachronic variation observed in the prayers are also introduced and examined: 1) speech accommodation phenomena (Giles & Ogay 2007) found in the prayers of teachers teaching children in churches and Buddhist temples, 2) ongoing language change in prayer language.

This study, using the variationist framework, investigates Korean speakers' usage of haeyo and hapsyo styles on the basis of movie and TV drama scripts. One linguistic constraint (sentence type) and six extra-linguistic constraints (gender, formulaicness, age group, intimacy, dialogue scene, hierarchical relationship) were chosen as potential factors influencing variation between haeyo and hapsyo styles. The seven potential constraints were all analyzed by a multivariate analysis using Goldvarb as affecting the variation examined. Gender was among the top four factors constraining the variation along with formulaicness, dialogue scene, and sentence type. The percentages of the hapsyo and haeyo usage of male characters were 16.1 and 83.9, respectively, while those of females were 6.3 and 93.7. Some (but not significant) degree of group-internal variation was observed in both gender groups. A quantitative analysis was also conducted of eight haeyo-style expressions proposed by previous research as occurring especially often in women's speech. In the data examined, five of them were found to occur significantly more often in female characters' data; one was observed more in men's, while the remaining two were rarely found in both gender groups' data. An attempt is also made to explain the gender difference in the usage of haeyo and hapsyo styles using the (sub-culture) difference approach.

This study examines Chungnam dialect speakers’ perceptual dialect boundaries, their images of Korean dialects, and also their auditory ability to distinguish the dialects. Thirty Chungnam residents participated in this research as subjects and performed four tasks: pile-sorting, description of dialect images, dialect recognition, and a short interview. The focus of the study was to examine the informants’ subjective dialect boundaries among Chungnam dialect and geographically adjacent Chungbuk, and Jeonbuk dialects, the informants’ images about these dialects, and their ability to distinguish the three. The results from the tasks suggest that speakers of Chungnam dialect perceive Jeonbuk dialect at least as close as or even closer than Chungbuk dialect. The results from the dialect recognition experiment also reveal auditory-perceptual similarity between Chungnam and Jeonbuk dialects. Chungnam dialect speakers were, in addition, analyzed as having relatively favorable images about their dialect.

This paper examines variation found in the usage of English relatives by Korean users and learners of English. Two types of data are analyzed using Varbrul analysis: academic articles written by English major professors and compositions by college students majoring and minoring in English. The results of analyses can be summarized as follows: 1) Korean users and learners of English adopt wh-variants more frequently than Americans for use but less commonly than Britons, 2) Advanced English users generally show the usage pattern of English relatives similar to that of native English speakers conditioned by very similar linguistic constraints, 3) Korean English learners with intermediate proficiency level revealed somewhat different patterns of English relative use from those of native English speakers and advanced Korean English users, 4) Prescriptive grammar taught in middle and high schools is analyzed as exerting significant influence on the pattern of English relative use by Korean users and learners of English. (157)

On the basis of 24 speakers' recorded speech this paper examines the variable deletion of w in two regional dialects, Cheonan-Asan Korean and Daegu Korean. Varbrul analyses are conducted using the 3965 tokens of (w). Results of the combined and separate analyses show that the two dialects are subject to very similar constraints in w deletion, though deletion rates and the strengths of the constraints on the deletion process are somewhat different. It is suggested that the syllable structure of young Daegu Korean speakers might be rather different from that of older speakers, and that dialect leveling from contact with Standard Korean could be the cause of this change.

본 연구에서는 Bruner의 일상교수(folk pedagogy)의 아이디어에 기반하여 현행 수업 방법의 문제점을 비판해보고 학교 수업을 개선할 수 있는 새로운 교육과정과 수업 방법을 탐구하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 다음과 같이 세 가지 연구문제를 설정하였다. 첫째, Bruner의 Folk pedagogy의 아이디어에 들어있는 의미와 특성은 무엇이며, 현행 수업 방법에는 어떤 문제점이 있는가? 둘째, Bruner의 Folk pedagogy의 기본 입장은 무엇이며 수업 방법과는 어떤 관련성이 있는가? 셋째, Bruner의 Folk pedagogy에 기반한 수업 방법은 어떻게 개발될 수 있으며 그것은 실제의 학교 교육에 어떠한 시사점을 제공할 수 있는가? 이상의 문제를 해결하기 위하여 관련 문헌을 분석하였다. 논의에 의하면, Bruner의 일상교수(folk pedagogy)는 마음이 여기에서 지금 어떻게 작용하는지, 아동의 마음이 어떻게 학습하는지, 무엇이 마음을 성장시키는지에 관심을 가지는 일상심리(folk psychology)에 기반하고 있다. 인간의 신념에는 문화가 반영되어 있고 그러한 신념을 갖고 있는 인간의 의도적인 언어나 행위로 인간의 마음을 탐구하는 일상심리(folk psychology)를 교육에 적용한 것이 일상교수(folk pedagogy)이다. 교사의 교수 방법이나 교육적 성향은 교사 내면에 자리 잡고 있는 학습자에 대해 가지고 있는 교사의 생각이나 신념의 영향을 받고 교수·학습상황에서 나타난다. 따라서 교사는 아동들이 어떻게 생각하여 그 지식을 획득하게 되었는지를 파악하여 교수·학습 상황에서 아이들을 도울 수 있는 수업 방법을 연구해야 한다.

본 연구는 내러티브 역량의 함양과 신장에 목표를 둔 다양성 교육에 관한 담론과 함의를 살펴보는 데 목적을 두었다. 이 글에서 강조하고자 하는 핵심적인 명제는 다음과 같이 제시할 수 있다. 첫째, 내러티브의 다양성에 비추어볼 때 다양성 교육 혹은 다양성에 지향을 둔 간문화 교육은 학습자가 내러티브 역량을 갖출 수 있도록 안내해줄 필요가 있다. 둘째, 세계화와 개인화, 대중매체의 보편화와 디지털화, 이주와 문화적 다원화는 점점 더 증가하는 다양성의 전제조건이면서 동시에 거꾸로 그 결과이기도 하다. 셋 째, 다양성 교육의 목표와 과제를 고려하는 데 있어서는 다양성의 가치를 인정하지 않거나 다양성에 대하여 회의적인 입장을 취하려는 시도 및 이와 관련된 내러티브에도 주의를 기울일 필요가 있다. 넷째, 차이·다양성의 증가는 학교교육에서 다양한 내러티브, 다중관점, 다양한 해석이 반영될 것을 보다 더 많이 요구한다. 이에 부응하기 위하여 다양성 교육은 내러티브의 다양성에 더 많은 주의를 기울일 필요가 있다. 다섯째, 교육의 과제는 구분된 기억에만 국한시키지 말고 이와 동시에 공유된 기억을 탐색하는 데 놓여 있으며, 공유된 기억의 가능성을 전달하거나 학습함으로써 진정한 의미에서 바람직한 내러티브 역량을 기를 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 여섯째, 다양성 교육을 통해서 내러티브의 다양성을 적절하게 고려하고 취급함으로써 내러티브 역량을 기를 수 있도록 한다 면, 이는 결국 세계시민교육을 위해 중요한 기여를 할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

본고에서는 다중관점 및 포용적 접근과의 친화성에 주의를 기울이면서 간문화 내러티브의 특징을 살펴본 다음, 다중관점과 포용적 접근을 통한 간문화 내러티브의 구체화 방안에 관해 논의하였다. 이 글에서 강조하고자 하는 핵심명제는 다음과 같이 제시할 수 있다. 첫째, 간문화 내러티브는 간문화적 사이공간에서 존재하거나 작용하는 내러티브라고 규정할 수 있으며, 다중관점 및 포용적 접근과의 친화성을 고려하여 간문화 내터티브의 특징을 명료화할 수 있다. 둘째, 간문화 내러티브와 다중관점의 친화성에서 출발하여 간문화 내러티브의 구체화 방안을 모색하는 데 있어서는, 이주사회와 내러티브의 다양성에 주의를 기울일 필요가 있으며, 여기에 기초하여 다중관점에 지향을 둔 간문화 내러티브를 구체화할 수 있다. 셋째, 문화주의나 문화본질주의적 사고방식에 따른 위험성과 한계를 고려할 때, 간문화 내러티브를 다루는 데 있어서 포용적 접근이 요청된다. 포용적 접근은 평등의 원칙과 다양성의 원칙에 기반을 두고 있다. 이를 교육현장에서 실제적․수행적 차원에서 활용할 수 있는 분석 및 개입의 도구로서 포용적 간문화 내러티브 모형에 주의를 기울일 필요가 있다. 넷째, 간문화교육학의 합의사항을 고려할 때, 간문화 내러티브를 구성하고 활용하는 데 있어서도 자신의 문화적 준거와 인지유형을 성찰할 수 있는 능력을 핵심목표로 간주해야 하며, 간문화역량의 함양․신장에 주안점을 두어야 한다. 다 섯째, 이주사회에서 일상을 규정하는 사회적 상태를 문화주의적 관점에서 이해하고 해석 하려는 경향을 조심해야 한다는 이론적 통찰이 실제적․조작적 수준에서 적절하게 반영되지 못하거나 아니면 의도한 바와는 정반대의 방향으로 작용할 수 있다는 점에서 간문화 내러티브의 역설에도 주의를 기울일 필요가 있다.