This paper presents the theoretical analysis for the flow driven by surface tension and gravity force in an inclined circular tube. The previously developing equation for Power-Law model is a simple ordinary differential type. A governing equation is developed for describing the displacement of a non-Newtonian fluid(Casson model) that continuously flows into a circular tube by surface tension, which represents a second-order, nonlinear, non-homogeneous, and ordinary differential form. It was found that the theoretical predictions of the governing equation were in good agreement with the results for considering the Newtonian model.

This paper presents the theoretical analysis for the flow driven by surface tension and gravity force in an inclined circular tube. The present study introduces detailed mathematical procedures for Casson viscosity model. The equations of velocity distribution and flow rate are developed to describe the displacement of a non-Newtonian fluid that continuously flew into a circular tube by surface tension. The equation of modified volumetric flow shows the complicated form of (10) due to yield stress term, and the equation of velocity distribution which includes the yield stress and inclination angle of circular tube is composed of terms of r and rc as form of (14).

This paper presents the theoretical analysis for the flow driven by surface tension and gravity force in an inclined circular tube. The governing equation is developed to describe the displacement of a Newtonian fluid that continuously flew into a circular tube by surface tension, which represents a second-order, nonlinear, nonhomogeneous and ordinary differencial form. It was found that the theoretical predictions of the governing equation were excellent agreement with the unsteady state solutions for horizontal tube and the results of force balance equation for steady state.

The effects of the field emission property in relation to the surface morphology and adhesion force were investigated. The single-wall-nanotube-based cathode was obtained by use of an in-situ arc discharge synthesis method, a screen-printing method and a spray method. The morphologies of the formed emitter layers were very different. The emission stability and uniformity were dramatically improved by employing an in-situ arc discharge synthesis method. In this study, it was confirmed that the current stability and uniformity of the field emission of the cathode depend on the surface morphology and adhesion force of the emitters. The current stability of the field emission device was also studied through an electrical aging process by varying the current and electric field.

In this study, the compressive force is evaluated for the SMA surface reinforcement member which is to improve the bond capacity at cold-joint in PC member. As a result, the total compressive force can be estimated according to the number of wires.

To observe and analysis ultra-microscopically barley aleurone cell surface, atomic force microscope (AFM) was used. Seed coat of early maturing germplasm, eam9, was dehulled and scanned by non-contact mode. We have obtained the high resolution topographic 3-dimensional image of barley aleurone layer with high resolution. These images showed the membrane proteins in barley aleurone cell. One channel protein and numerous peripheral or integral proteins were detected in a area of 100 ~mu~textrmm2 . Furthermore, we found that their widths were ranged from 50 to 750nm and lengths from 0 to 66 ~mu~textrmm . The thickness of aleurone layer was measured by scanning electron microscope. The thickness at early developmental stage was about 16 and then the aleurone cell enlarged upto 57 ~mu~textrmm ~mu~textrmm at least until 42 days after anthesis. In this study, we firstly reported on the ultrastructural AFM analysis of living aleurone cell as a biological specimen. It was clearly suggested that AFM will become an powerful tool for probing both the structural properties of biological samples