The tribe Bythinini Raffray is species-rich pselaphine group including over 600 species distributed worldwide. Despite its diversity, only one genus, Bryaxis Kugelann, has been reported in Korea. In this study, we newly describe Bryaxis sp. n. mainly based on the male antennal modification. We also report a new species of the genus Tychobythinus Ganglbauer from Korea. Members of these two bythinine genera are commonly characterized by the traits of maxillary palpi: elongated second palpomere, shortened penultimate, and enlarged last one. In addition, we conducted phylogenetic analyses to demonstrate the relevance between antennal modification and evolutionary relationship of Bryaxis. To perform the phylogenetic construction, we assembled three mitochondrial genes (cox1, cox2, and 16S) and three nuclear genes (18S, 28S, and wingless) into a dataset. Eleven species of Bryaxis and two Tychobythinus species are included, the latter genus of which are used to root the consensus trees.

Calonecrinae represent a unique but small subfamily of Nitidulidae that is endemic to South Asia. Their habitats, the South Asian lowland forests, are under the imminent threat of degradation, posing a risk of rapid extinction for these species in their specific locales. Despite the looming threat to their existence, our understanding of this enigmatic group remains limited. We conducted an examination of museum and newly collected specimens, alongside a review of the literature, leading to the discovery of a new species, Calonecrus mindanaoensis, from Mindanao, Philippines. For the first time, the morphology of all immature stages of the Calonecrinae was described, with detailed photographs including SEM images. Additionally, their natural history was uncovered for the first time, revealing that all life stages are uniquely adapted to spending their entire life cycle within sticky resin. We re-evaluated the phylogenetic placement of the Calonecrinae by constructing a phylogenetic tree based on the mitochondrial genome. Calonecrinae are positioned within the Epuraeinae clade and show significant affinity with the genus Trimenus. Consequently, this study proposes reclassifying Calonecrinae as Calonecrini stat nov, an extremely modified tribe within the Epuraeinae.

The genus Rosalia contains three subgenera of which distinctly divided by different body colors and distributional patterns. Eurybatodes is a monotypic subgenus with yellow tegument only found in Yunnan, China. Eurybatus is the most specious subgenus contains 21 species with reddish body color, widely distributed in Oriental region including Taiwan and Ryukyu islands. The blue subgenus Rosalia contains 5 species that distributes West Palaearctic, East Palaeartic, Japan, Oriental and West Nearctic, respectively. Here we present the ongoing research on multi-gene phylogeny and evolutionary studies of the genus Rosalia. This study provides new insight into the internal relationships and the evolutionary history of various traits (e.g. biogeography, colors, elytral patterns) of the genus Rosalia.

The genus Placosternum Amyot & Serville (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) currently belongs to the tribe Pentatomini Leach with 13 described species. Species are medium to big size and are defined by having characteristic thoracic sternal structures and the pronotal lateral angles somewhat protruded and/or serrate. The genus follows a typical Indo-Malayan distribution limited by the Wallace line south-eastwards and extending to some regions of the eastern Palaearctic. The species in the genus can be considered somehow cryptic as morphologically they are similar and most of them have been classified as a single species. Additionally, as most of the species descriptions are extremely poor, after the revision of the type materials and material deposited in many of the worldwide institutions, we present the systematic knowledge on the genus.

The confused taxonomy of the east Palaearctic pear psyllids, serious pests on cultivated pear, is reviewed. Fifty-sixnominal species have been reported from Pyrus, 25 of which we consider valid and ten as not being associated withPyrus. Our taxonomic revision suggests that, in Korea, four Cacopsylla species develop on pear. Three species occuralso in Japan. New synonyms are suggested and seasonal dimorphism are critically discussed.Key words : Psyllidae, Cacopsylla, taxonomy, host plant, Pyrus, Rosaceae, Manchrian pear, Asian pear, European pear, China,Japan, South Korea, Russian Far East

Cordyceps sensu lato is known as one of the largest genera in hypocrealean fungi and largest group of entomopathogenic fungi in Ascomycota. Approximately 400 species are members of Cordyceps s. l. and most of them are obligate symbionts of 10 orders of arthropods and false truffles specifically parasitizing Elaphomyces spp. Recently, Cordyceps s. l. was reclassified into Cordyceps sensu stricto, Elaphocordyceps, MetaCordyceps, and OphioCordyceps in three families (i.e., Clavicipitaceae, Cordycipitaceae, Ophiocordycipitaceae) with the evidence of recent multigene phylogenetic analyses coupled with morphological and ecological characters. With the closely related animal, plant and fungal associated genera (e.g., Balansia, Claviceps, Hypocrella and Torrubiella) of Cordyceps s. l., Cordyceps s. l. and its related genera in Hypocreales have been considered as one of the model systems in understanding the evolution of host affiliation in Kingdom Fungi. Here the overview of molecular systematic of Cordyceps was presented with its evolutionary hypotheses of host affiliation based on the ancestral state reconstruction from 162-taxon data set. In our results, the evolution of its host affiliation is largely characterized by frequent interkingdom host-jumps and ergot and grass endophytes (e.g., Balansia, Claviceps, Epichloe and Neotyphodium) are hypothesized to be derived from an ancestor that parasitized arthropods. Around 350 taxa have been included in the molecular phylogeny of Cordyceps s. l. after the new classification was proposed. Therefore, the progress and problems in current molecular phylogeny are also presented with introduction of the future research direction in molecular systematics and genomics of Cordyceps and its related genera.

Twenty eight new species of Acentropinae are described from the Philippines: Nymphieula negrosensis sp. nov., N. mindorensis sp. nov., N. zambalensis sp. nov., N. samarensis sp. nov., N. banauensis sp. nov., Eoophyla pulehralis sp. nov., E. naumanni sp. nov., E. fontis sp. nov., E. nussi sp. nov., E. riehteri sp. nov., E. yeni sp. nov., E. quezonensis sp. nov., E. bieolensis sp. nov., E. litoralis sp. nov., E. montanalis sp. nov., E. eallilithalis sp. nov., E. sehintlmeisteri sp. nov., E. ley tens is sp. nov., E. eernyi sp. nov., E. napoleoni sp. nov., E. eervinalis sp. nov., Eristena samaritai sp. nov., Margarostieha nigreseens sp. nov., Paraeymorizafuliginosa sp. nov., P. argenteolineata sp. nov., P. nigrella sp. nov., Parapoynx leueographa sp. nov., and P. pyenarmonides sp. novo New generic combinations: Ambia triehostylalis Hampson, 1897 from Sulawesi is transferred from the Musotiminae to Eoophyla (Acentropinae) where it stands as Eoophyla triehostylalis (Hampson, 1897) comb. n.; Eoophyla wollastoni (Rothschild, 1915) comb. n. (Aulaeodes), Eoophyla flavifaseialis (Hampson, 1917) comb. n. (Aulaeodes), Eoophyla longiplagialis (Hampson, 1917) comb. n. (Aulaeodes), the last three species are from Irian Jaya; and Eoophyla stresemanni (Rothschild, 1915) (Aulaeodes) comb. n. from Ceram. The male and female genitalia are illustrated together with pictures of the adults. The diagnostic features of the species are given and the nearest relatives are indicated. All new species are Philippine endemics. The rate of endemism in the Acentropinae of the Philippines is about 85%. This remarkable high percentage, corroborating the notion that the Philippines are a hot spot of biodiversity in South East Asia, points to the particular geographic situation and geological history of the Philippine Islands.

Two species, Marietta carnesi (Howard) and M. picta (Andre) are reported for the first time from Korea and a key is given for separating the females.

The Korean species of genus Nephopterix Hübner, 1825 is revised. Seven species of genus Korea are treated. Among them, one species, Nephopterix paraexotica is described as new to science and two species, N. fumella (Eversmann) and N. tomisawai Yamanaka, are recorded for the first time from Korea. Adults, wing venations, and genitalia of both sexes are illustrated. Collecting data and biological informations for the species are also given. Keys to all known species of the genus based on external and genitalic characters are provided.