제주도와 남부지방에서는 콩잎을 채소용으로 이용하여 고기와 생선을 쌈사서 먹는데 이용해 왔으며, 주로 지역의 재래종이나 일본에서 도입된 ‘단파흑두’를 재배해왔다. 그러나, 이들은 잎 크기가 균일하지 않아 상품성에 문제가 있었다. 그러므로, 쌈용 콩잎의 채소용 품종개발이 필요하다. 콩잎의 채소용 ‘청엽1호’ 품종이 2009년 식량원에서 개발되었다. ‘청엽1호’는 내도복 다수성 품종인 ‘일품검정콩’과 대립이며 잎이 큰 ‘대황콩’을 교배한 품종이다. ‘청엽1호’는 꽃색이 백색, 검정색 종피, 황색 자엽, 구형의 종자모양, 100립중이 35.8g인 대립종이다. 또한, 콩잎의 채소용 적성으로 개화기가 늦어 채엽기간이 길고 잎이 크고 둥근 난형, 잎색이 연한 녹색, 내도복성, 마디의 수가 많으며, 줄기의 두께가 두꺼워 채엽시 잘 부러지지 않는 특성을 가진다. ‘청엽1호’의 비가림재배시 잎 수량은 헥터당 18.44톤으로 대비품종인 ‘단파흑두’보다 6% 높았다. 콩잎의 기능성 성분으로 이소플라본 함량이 잎 g당 809 ㎍으로 대비품종보다 63% 높았다. 이상과 같이 ‘청엽1호’는 콩잎을 채소용으로 이용하기에 매우 적합한 품종이다.

‘천상’은 대립 다수성 콩 신품종육성을 목표로, ‘수원190호’를 모본으로 ‘황금콩’을 부본으로 1998년에 인공교배하여, 1999-2000년도에 F1, F2 세대를 양성하고, F3부터 계통 전개하여 선발한 SS98206-41-1-3-1-1 계통으로 계통명은 ‘밀양176호’이다. 주요 특성은 유한신육형으로 화색은 백색이고, 엽형은 피침형이며, 모용색은 회색이다. 종자모양은 구형이고, 종피색과 제색은 황색이다. 개화기는 7월 26일로 ‘태광콩’보다 빠르고 성숙기는 3일 늦어 등숙기간이 7일이 더 길다. 경장은 76 cm로서 ‘태광콩’과 비슷하고 도복에 강하며, 100립중은 24.8 g으로 ‘태광콩’에 비하여 2.0 g 정도 무거운 대립이다. 불마름병에 저항성이며 콩모자이크바이러스와 내한발성은 강하였으나, 내습성과 뿌리썩음병에는 약하였으며, 탈립이 되지 않았다. 조단백질 및 조지방 함량은 ‘태광콩’보다 높았으며, 불포화지방산 비율은 ‘태광콩’과 비슷하였고 함황아미노산과 총 아미노산의 함량이 높았다. 두부수율은 낮으나 두부의 물성이 높았으며, 메주 가공적성은 ‘태광콩’과 비슷하였다. 수량성은 생산력검정시험 결과, 10% 증수되었으며, 지역적응시험에서는, 전국 10개소 평균 ha당 2.34톤으로서 대비품종인 ‘태광콩’ 대비 100%이었다.

Soybean isoflavones include daidzein, genistein and glycitein with their glycosides, and their malonated derivatives are the main polyphenolic compounds that are helpful for human health. Our research objective was to investigate the differentitation of soybean isoflavones contents of breeding populations between high and low isoflavones contained soybean. Isoflavones contents in soybean are a wide range from 500 to 7000 ㎍/g. In this study, we used Ilmi (Isoflavones content, 3.108 ㎍/g) as male parent and Dajin (Isoflavones content, 578 ㎍/g) as female parent. From these varieties, we got 165 breeding lines which have isoflavones content range from 472 to 2973 ㎍/g. Isflavone contents in breeding lines showed normal distribution.

Fermented soybean food is one of most economical and health food due to its valuable nutritional and medicinal attributes and have been consumed for centuries as flavoring ingredient in Korea. On fermented soybean food such as doenjang, aroma compounds are important property because they determine taste and grade of fermentation. This study investigated variety of aroma compounds of doenjang made from different soybean genotypes. Aroma compounds in twelve different doenjang made from two cultivar (Daewon and Taekwang) and ten elite lines were extracted by steam distillation extraction (SDE) method and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Aroma compound were detected over 80 kinds in eight samples (Daewon, Taekwang, MY177, MY187, MY189, MY192, MY204 and MY205) and under 70 kinds in four samples (yeonchun1, MY188, MY203 and MY206). Among the detected aroma components, 47 compounds were assigned as aromatic compounds (21), long chain fatty acid (13), short chain fatty acid (5) and others (8) by the computer library (Wiley 7n program). The major aroma compounds in twelve different doenjang were benzaldehyde, benzeneacetaldehyde, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, pyrazine type compounds, cysteaminesulfonic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid. Each doenjang made by same condition (microbe, temperature, aging time and etc) had a difference in ratio and variety of aroma compounds due to different components having soybean genotype.

It has been reported that bacterial diseases of domestic soybean are bacterial pustule, wildfire, bacterial blight and bacterial brown spot. Among these bacterial diseases, bacterial blight infected by Gram-negative Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines had been the most issue in soybean diseases. In recently, issue in soybean disease was shifted to wildfire by Gram-negative Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci. When infected in nature, symptom of wildfire generally surrounded infected-area of bacterial blight and formed pustule in infective center. Because optimum growth temperature of Wildfire is lower than these of bacterial pustule, Wildfire caused damage to crop yield in later growth stage. In this study, we checked symptoms of bacterial diseases with growth stages of soybean. Also, we surveyed disease severity of single infection, simultaneous infection and sequential infection of bacterial pustule and wildfire.

overgrowth of soybean plants and thereby brings about lodging, decrease in pod number, damage by disease and insect pest, etc. This experiment was carried out to investigate optimum decapitation method in vinyl mulching soybean cultivation. Sinbuseoktae, local soybean variety was sown on May 25 and June 15 in 2009. Decapitation treatments(Non-decapitation, V8 stage-stem, V8 stage-apex, Flowering initiation stage, V8 stage-Stem+Flowering initiation Stage) were practiced on major growth stage on May25 seeding. Lodging did not occur in apex decapitation at V8 stage while other treatments had severe lodging. NAR from R5 to R7 stage was also highest in apex decapitation at V8 stage, which meaned optimum plant organ structure in utilizing light. On the other hand, flowering date and maturity date among treatments were similar. Seed yield in apex decapitation at V8 stage was highest with 274kg/10a, followed by flowering initiation stage with 249kg/10a. The apex decapitation at V8 stage had 26% yield increase as compared with the control of 216kg/10a due to heavy 100-seed weight.

This experiment was carried out to examine ecological response and soybean quality as affected by environmental cultivation for producing high seed quality in domestic soybean variety. The results are as follows: Under equal cumulative temperature condition, soybean plants grown in Muju showed longer days to flowering, which was an effect of the long day-length on high latitudes, and longer duration of reproductive stage as a result of low temperature within that period. Considering apparent seed quality, 100 seed weight of soybeans grown in Muju was heavier than Miryang. Ratio of seed crack and disease-damaged seeds was lower in Muju, and these parameters decreases as planting was delayed. The protein contents did not show significant difference in terms of altitude and planting date, however, crude oil contents were higher in Miryang. An opposite trend was observed in C18:1 and C18:3. In the fatty acid composition, the proportion of C18:1 decreased as seeding date was delayed, and was higher in Miryang. Opposite observations were obtained from C18:3. The anthocyanin contents were highest on June 10 planting and higher in Muju than in Miryang. Isoflavone content was higher as seeding date was delayed and is similar accross seeding dates in Muju. As a summary, for high seed quality production the optimum planting date was June 10, and Muju was more suitable region than Miryang.

This study was carried out to classify Korean soybean varieties base on maturity group (MG) and to find character relationships according to planting date for high quality soybean seed production adapted to early season cultivation environment of Miryang. Results of maturity grouping of Korean soybean varieties showed that Keunol (3 cultivars), belonged to Group 0; Seonnok and Danmi in Group II, Shinrok in Group III, Seonyu (17 cultivars), in Group IV, Taekwang (44 cultivars) in Group V, Daewon (25 cultivars) in Group VI, and Kwangdu and Keumdu in Group VII. Agronomic characteristics of 100 soybean varieties were compared based on MG, cultivation year and seeding date. Soybean varieties belonging to the MG VI~VII showed longer days to flowering and growth period, high lodging density and higher yield. Seed quality analysis revealed that as maturity was delayed, seed weight becomes heavier while seed cracks become abundant. In addition, occurrence of purple seed and phomopsis were higher in MG 0~III . Protein content was higher in MG 0~III , and isoflavone content was higher as maturity was delayed. On the other hand, lipid content was generally similar across MGs. Correlation analysis of major agronomic characters showed positive relationships between days to flowering and growth days, seed weight and lodging in MG IV~V , seed crack and growth days in MG 0~III , seed crack and days to flowering in MG IV~V and MG VI~VII , seed crack and lodging in MG IV~V and MG VI~VII , seed crack and seed weight in MG IV~V and MG VI~VII , purple seed and growth days in MG IV~V , purple seed and seed weight in MG VI~VII , phomopsis and growth days in MG IV~V and MG VI~VII , and phomopsis and purple seed in MG IV~V and MG VI~VII . In contrast, a negative relationship was observed between seed weight and lodging in MG 0~III . Correlating yield and major characters revealed negative relationships between days to flowering and growth days in MG 0~III and MG IV~V , whereas positive relationships were obtained on MG VI~VII seeded on April 30. Lodging, seed weight and seed crack were all negatively correlated with yield in the MG IV~V and MG VI~VII . Soybean cultivars identified as adaptable to early season planting for production of high quality soy curd and fermented soybean paste were Seonyu, Kwangdu, and Soho while those suited for the manufacture of soybean sprouts were Sobaeknanul, Kwangan, Sowon, and Bosuk. Geomjeong 2 chosen as best for mixing with rice.

This experiment was carried out to clear optimum planting time for yield enlargement by comparing yield with dry matter at Miryang from 2005 to 2006. Variety used were Daewon, Daepung, Daol and Cheongja 3. Seeding was performed on April 30 to June 30 with 20day intervals and planting density was 142,857 palnts/ha (70×20㎝, 2plants per hill) with black vinyl mulching. In R2～R4 stages, crop growth rate(CGR) was largest on June 10 seeding. Although net assimilation rate(NAR) increased as seeding date was delayed, NAR on June 10 seeding was the highest throughout the growth period. Positive relationships were observed between NAR from R2 to R4 the ratio of pod to total dry matter weight. The LAI and total dry matter weight at the R4 stage was higher at earlier seeding date. In the case when seeding date was delayed, the ratio of leaf(source) and pod(sink) increased. From the comparison of all factors such as dry weight, optimum LAI, and of source to sink, the optimum planting date for high seed production was June 10. The highest yield was recorded with on June 10 seeding. Also, this seeding date showed high ratio of seed yield to dry matter in R2 stage. Difference between surveyed pod no. and theological pod no. which was calculated by dry matter ratio compared with standard seeding date(June 10) at R2 stage was the smallest in June 10 seeding.

This study was carried out to obtain general agronomic characteristics and identify its relationship with seeding date for high quality soybean seed production. One hundred(100) domestic soybean varieties were used and seeding date were scheduled at April 30 and May 30. This experiment was carried out at YARI, NICE situated at Miryang from 2005 to 2006. Maturity Group(MG) was classified by Kweon et al's method (1974). Correlation analysis of major agronomic characters showed positive relationship between days to flowering and growth days, seed weight and lodging in MG ,seed crack and growth days in Ⅳ～Ⅴ MG0～Ⅲ,seed crack and days to flowering in MGⅣ～Ⅴ and MGⅥ～Ⅶ, seed crack and lodging in MGⅣ～Ⅴ and MGⅥ～Ⅶ, seed crack and seed weight in MGⅣ～Ⅴ and MGⅥ～Ⅶ, purple seed and growth days in MGⅣ～Ⅴ , purple seed and seed weight in MGⅥ～Ⅶ, phomopsis and growth days in MGⅣ～Ⅴ and MGⅥ～Ⅶ, and phomopsis and purple seed in MGⅣ～Ⅴ and MGⅥ～Ⅶ. In contrast, a negative relationship was observed between seed weight and lodging in MG0～Ⅲ. Correlating yield and major characters revealed negative relationship between days to flowering and growth days in MG0～Ⅲ and MGⅣ～Ⅴ, whereas positive relationships were obtained on MGⅥ～Ⅶ seeded on April 30. Lodging, seed weight and seed crack were all negatively correlated with yield in MGⅣ～Ⅴ and MGⅥ～Ⅶ

This experiment was carried out to examine seed quality as affected by enviromental cutivation for the production of high quality domestic soybean variety at Miryang (altitude : 12m) and Muju(altitude : 600m). Variety used were Daewon, Daepung, Daol and Cheongja 3. Seeding was performed on April 30 to June 30 and planting density was 142,857 palnts/ha. Seed weight across regions was lighter as seeding date was delayed. Opposite trends between seed crack and seed weight was obtained. Seed crack decreased as seeding date was delayed and have higher occurrence in Miryang than in Muju. Perple seed and phomopsis decayed seed decreased as seeding date was delayed. There was a significant negative correlation between seed weight and mean temperature from R2 to R4 stages in all variety. Seed weight increased as mean temperature from R2 to R4 stage decreased to 22.0℃, which was greatly manifested on Daewon variety. At maturity time, Daewon variety had an average increase of 1.79g as mean temperature decreased by 1℃. Seed weight of Daewon obtained a significant negative correlation with mean temperature at R4～R6 stage and on rainfall at R4～R6 stage. Mean temperature and rainfall were able to estimate 100 seed weight of Daewon and Daepung variety with 98.1% and 96.6% probability, respectively. Phomopsis occurrence in late maturity type was closely related to rainfall during the R4～R6 stages.

This study was carried out to classify Korean soybean varieties based maturity group. One hundred (100) domestic soybean varieties ( 56 for fermentation, 26 for sprouting, 17 for mixed with rice) were used and seeding date was scheduled at April 30. This experiment carried out at Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute, NICE situated at Miryang from 2005 to 2006. Classification of maturity group in 100 soybeans was followed by Kweon et al's method (1974) The main difference between this experiment and that of Kweon et al's method (1974) were the planting region and planting date. This experiment was conducted on April 30 at Miryang while Kweon et al. was conducted on May 23 in Seoul. Results of maturity grouping of Korean soybean varieties showed that Keunol, which was represented among 3 varieties, belonged to Group 0, Seonnok and Danmi in GroupⅡ, Shinrok in GroupⅢ, Seonyu, represented by 17 cultivars, in GroupⅣ, Taekwang, having 44 cultivars in GroupⅤ, Daewon, represented by 25 cultivars in GroupⅥ, and Kwangdu and Keumdu in GroupⅦ.

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of drought stress during the pod developing and seed filling stage on source-sink relationships of soybean (Glycine max). Drought treatments were imposed by withholding water at the full-pod stage, 19 days after flowering, and then limited watering was relieved at 15 days after the initiation of drought treatment. Soybean seed yield was reduced by 39% mainly due to decreased pod number under drought stress, but the 100-seed weight was relatively less reduced. In spite of the 15-day drought during the full-pod stage, soybean produced good seeds showing similar l00-seed weight, protein, starch and soluble sugar content to those from the well-watered. Although drought during the full-pod stage caused source limitations; i.e. accelerated leaf senescence and reduced leaf soluble sugars, it did not cause limitations of other source characteristics such as SGR and leaf starch level. This is because the reduction in size of sinks, such as pod and seed abortions compensated for source limitations, resulting in balanced source-sink as expressed by LAR and the ratio of leaf area to seed dry weight. Drought stress during the pod developing and seed filling stage did not disrupt the source-sink balance