Various types of optical materials and devices used in special environments must satisfy durability and optical properties. In order to improve the durability of zinc sulfide multispectral (MS ZnS) substrates with transmission wavelengths from visible to infrared, Ge-Sb-Se-based chalcogenide glass was used as a sealing material to bond the MS ZnS substrates. Wetting tests of the Ge-Sb-Se-based chalcogenide glass were conducted to analyze flowability as a function of temperature, by considering the glass transition temperature (Tg) and softening temperature (Ts). In the wetting test, the viscous flow of the chalcogenide glass sample was analyzed according to the temperature. After placing the chalcogenide glass disk between MS ZnS substrates (20 × 30 mm), the sealing test was performed at a temperature of 485 °C for 60 min. Notably, it was found that the Ge-Sb-Se-based chalcogenide glass sealed the MS ZnS substrates well. After the MS ZnS substrates were sealed with chalcogenide glass, they showed a transmission of 55 % over 3~12 μm. The tensile strength of the sealed MS ZnS substrates with Ge-Sb-Se-based chalcogenide glass was analyzed by applying a maximum load of about 240 N, confirming its suitability as a sealing material in the far infrared range.

본 연구는 현재 올레핀/파라핀 분리에서 사용되는 극저온 분리법을 대체하기 위한 촉진수송 분리막에 대한 연구이 다. 촉진수송 분리 막을 상업화하기 위해서는 비용 절감 또한 매우 중요한 요소이다. 하지만 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있는 AgBF4 는 상대적으로 고가인 은 염이기 때문에 이를 대체하기 위해 비교적 저렴한 AgCF3SO3를 이용하여 PEBAX-2533/AgCF3SO3/ Al(NO3)3 복합막을 제조하였다. 분리막의 특성은 SEM, FT-IR, RAMAN을 통해 분석되었으며, 이번 연구를 통해 고분자 매 트릭스가 장기 안정성에 영향을 준다는 사실을 확인하였다.

Today, the fashion business environment of the 4.0 generation is changing based on fashion technology combined with advanced digital technologies such as AI (Artificial Intelligence), big data and IoT (Internet of Things). “Digital Transformation” means a fundamental change and innovation in a digital paradigm including corporate strategy, organization, communication, and business model, based on the utilization of digital technology. Thus, this study examines digital transformation strategies through the fashion brand Burberry. The study contents are as follows. First, it examines the theoretical concept of digital transformation and its utilization status. Second, it analyzes the characteristics of Burberry’s digital transformation based on its strategies. For the research methodology, a literature review was performed on books and papers, aligning with case studies through websites, social media, and news articles. The result showed that first, Burberry has reset their main target to Millennials who actively use mobile and social media, and continues to communicate with them by utilizing digital strategy in the entire management. Second, Burberry is quickly delivering consistent brand identity to consumers by internally creating and providing social media-friendly content. Third, they have started real-time product sales and services by using IT to enhance access to brands and to lead consumers towards more active participation. In this study, Burberry’s case shows that digital transformation can contribute to increased brand value and sales, keeping up with the changes in the digital paradigm. Therefore, the study suggests that digital transformation will serve as an important business strategy for fashion brands in the future.

올레핀/파라핀 분리를 위해 silver nanoparticle을 운반체로 이용하는 촉진수송막이 최근 많은 관심을 받고 있다. 기존 연구에서는 silver nanoparticle의 전구체로서 AgBF4가 사용되어 왔다. 하지만 상대적으로 고가에 속하는 AgBF4는 상업화에 적합하지 않기 때문에 비교적 저렴한 AgClO4를 전구체로 이용해 제조된 silver nanopaticle를 활용해서 PEBAX-5513/AgNPs (전구체: AgClO4)/7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) 복합막이 제조되었다. 그러나 여러 조성의 복합막이 제조되었으 나 올레핀 분리성능은 관찰되지 않았다. FT-IR 분석 결과는 PEBAX-5513 고분자 내에서 silver nanoparticle이 형성되고 TCNQ에 의해 표면이 양극성화 되는 것을 확인하였지만 형성된 silver nanoparticle이 안정화 되지 못한 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 결과들을 통해 은염 전구체의 음이온이 올레핀/파라핀 분리막에서 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 판단되었다.

We report on the fabrication and characterization of a novel Cu2O/CuO heterojunction structure with CuO nanorods embedded in Cu2O thin film as an efficient photocathode for photoelectrochemical (PEC) solar water splitting. A CuO nanorod array was first prepared on an indium-tin-oxide-coated glass substrate via a seed-mediated hydrothermal synthesis method; then, a Cu2O thin film was electrodeposited onto the CuO nanorod array to form an oxide semiconductor heterostructure. The crystalline phases and morphologies of the heterojunction materials were examined using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, as well as Raman scattering. The PEC properties of the fabricated Cu2O/CuO heterojunction photocathode were evaluated by photocurrent conversion efficiency measurements under white light illumination. From the observed PEC current density versus voltage (J-V) behavior, the Cu2O/CuO photocathode was found to exhibit negligible dark current and high photocurrent density, e.g. −1.05 mA/cm2 at −0.6 V vs. Hg/HgCl2 in 1 mM Na2SO4 electrolyte, revealing the effective operation of the oxide heterostructure. The photocurrent conversion efficiency of the Cu2O/CuO photocathode was estimated to be 1.27% at −0.6 V vs. Hg/HgCl2. Moreover, the PEC current density versus time (J-T) profile measured at −0.5 V vs. Hg/HgCl2 on the Cu2O/CuO photocathode indicated a 3-fold increase in the photocurrent density compared to that of a simple Cu2O thin film photocathode. The improved PEC performance was attributed to a certain synergistic effect of the bilayer heterostructure on the light absorption and electron-hole recombination processes.

The analytical method for the determination of phosphorus in foods was validated by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) in terms of precision, accuracy, recovery efficiency and linearity. Regression analysis revealed good correlation coefficient, higher than 0.999. Recovery efficiencies of the minerals ranged from 90.36% to 110.63%, and the limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.0745 mg/ kg and 0.2482 mg/kg, respectively. The value of inter-day and intra-day ranged from 1.43 to 3.23% and from 0.40 to 1.77%. The recovery efficiencies ranged from 97.8 to 110.6%. The method was also compared with Molybdenum blue colorimetric method using certified and statistically significant difference was also not observed in the between two different analytical methods. The ICP-OES method was applied to phosphorus determination in commonly consumed foods. The obtained results suggest that the method verified in the present study may be used as an official analytical method for clear understanding of phosphorus database for national health promotion.

본 연구에서는 식품공전에 제시되어 있는 microwave digestion 전처리방법과 유도결합 플라즈마 방출분광기을 이용하여 식품 중의 9종의 무기질(Na, Ca, K, P, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn 및 Zn)을 측정하는 분석법에 대한 직선성, 정밀성 및 정확성 등의 분석법 유효성 검증을 실시하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 표준시료는 Certificated reference material1849a 조제분유로 미국 national institute of standards & technology에서 구입하였다. 직선성은 표준품을 사용한 표준검정곡선 측정농도범위에서 상관계수 0.9999 이상의 양호한 결과를 나타내었다. 검출한계는 0.1005 mg/kg, 정량 한계는 0.3351 mg/kg 으로 각각 나타났다. 또한 정밀도는 상대적표준편차(relative standard deviation)가 일내(withinday, n=3), 반복측정의 경우 0.09~4.80%, 일간(between-day, n=12)의 경우 1.19~18.19%로 양호한 결과를 나타내었으며 정확성은 회수율 90.35-110.63%로 매우 양호한 결과를 나타내었다. 따라서 microwave 전처리방법과 유도결합 플라즈마 방출분광기 측정법은 식품 중 9종의 무기질을 측정하는데 매우 유용할 것으로 사료되며 국민 건강 증진을 위한 식품성분표 데이터베이스 구축, 유통식품의 품질평가 등 공익적 분석사업에 이용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

We present a 1.1mm emission map of the OMC1 region observed with AzTEC, a new large-format array composed of 144 silicon-nitride micromesh bolometers, that was in use at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT). These AzTEC observations reveal dozens of cloud cores and a tail of filaments in a manner that is almost identical to the submillimeter continuum emission of the entire OMC1 region at 450 and 850 μm. We perform Fourier analysis of the image with a modified periodogram and the density power spectrum, which provides the distribution of the length scale of the structures, is determined. The expected value of the periodogram converges to the resulting power spectrum in the mean squared sense. The present analysis reveals that the power spectrum steepens at relatively smaller scales. At larger scales, the spectrum flattens and the power law becomes shallower. The power spectra of the 1.1mm emission show clear deviations from a single power law. We find that at least three components of power law might be fitted to the calculated power spectrum of the 1.1mm emission. The slope of the best fit power law, γ≈−2.7 is similar to those values found in numerical simulations. The effects of beam size and the noise spectrum on the shape and slope of the power spectrum are also included in the present analysis. The slope of the power law changes significantly at higher spatial frequency as the beam size increases.

The purpose of the present study is to investigate what the memory representation of L2 text is like based on the Causal Network Model. In order to do that, 8 stories were read in English by Korean students and recalled in Korean. Their recall was analysed in terms of the number of causal connections each sentence has as specified in the model. And then it was compared with the results of Kim (2001) where Korean students read and recalled the same stories in Korean. The overall amount of recall was not different between L1 and L2 texts, but the pattern of recall showed differences in terms of the causal structure proposed by Causal Network Model. While the recall of L1 text was nicely accounted for by the number of causal connections specified in the model, the recall of individual goal statements in L2 text did not reflect the causal structure. Interesting was the finding that the more important goal among the two goal statements was recalled better for L2 than for L1 text.

The study attempts to investigate how Korean native adult speakers comprehend the distributive function of extrinsic plural marker -tul(EPM) attached to different verb types. It also examines how the three verb types, each of which can evoke a distributive interpretation a collective interpretation and both of the interpretations, influence the sentence interpretation in terms of distributivity. The inconsistency of the previous analyses on the distributivity needs to be verified to shade light on Korean native adult speakers’ knowledge for the extrinsic plural marking from the experimental approach. To do so, the study employed Translation Task, in which the participants were asked to read a story that ends with a sentence to depict a situation. The last sentence was manipulated either to contain EPM attached to three different verb types or not to contain it. And then they were instructed to select any possible translations for the sentence among three choices that correspond to a distributive interpretation, a collective interpretation and both of the interpretations respectively. The results showed that Korean native adult speakers assigned more distributive interpretations to the sentences with EPM than sentences without it. It was also found that there were differences between verb types in evoking distributivity. However, the sentences with EPM also allowed for collective interpretations, which implies that it is not an obligatory distributor but plays a role of a distributive facilitator in the sentence interpretation.

이 연구는 한국청소년정책연구원(National Youth Policy Institute: NYPI)에서 2012년도에 조 사한 ‘창의적 체험활동 지역사회 운영 모형 개발연구’ 자료 중 중학교(84개 학교) 결과를 활용 하여 창의적 체험활동의 효과 정도와 창의적 체험활동 효과와 관련 있는 학교수준의 여러 특 성을 탐색하였다. 본 연구에서는 전체학교를 창의적 체험활동을 기준으로 상/중/하 그룹으로 구분한 것과 창의적 체험활동 효과가 상위, 하위 20% 수준에 위치한 학교만을 선택하여 분석 한 것의 두 가지 데이터의 형태로 분석이 수행되었다. 이 연구에서 탐색한 학교수준의 특성은 교사의 참여 수준, 교사의 체험활동에 대한 인식, 외부인력 또는 기관의 도움, 지역사회와 네트 워킹 필요성의 4개 항목이었다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같이 나타났다. 첫째, 학생들이 인식하는 창의적 체험활동의 효과는 저조하였다. 전체 학생의 창의적 체험활동 효과는 3.08, 전체 학교 중 체험활동 효과가 상위 20%에 위치한 학생들의 평균도 3.43으로 보통수준에 그쳤다. 둘째, 교사의 창의적 체험활동에 대한 인식과 외부인력 또는 기관의 도움 정도는 낮았으나, 교사의 참여수준과 지역사회 네트워킹 필요성은 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 창의적 체험활동 효과는 위 네 가지 특징 중 외부인력 또는 기관의 도움 정도에 따라 큰 차이가 있었다.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs of approximately 21-nt which play important roles in regulating gene expression in plants. Although many miRNA studies have focused on a few model plants, the miRNAs and their target genes remain largely unknown in pepper, one of the most important crops cultivated worldwide. Here we employed high-throughput small RNA sequencing to extensively identify miRNAs in pepper from 10 different libraries, including leaf, stem, root, flower, and six developmental stage fruits. Based on bioinformatics pipeline, we successfully identified 29 and 35 families of conserved and novel miRNAs, respectively. We noticed that some miRNAs, whose targets were validated experimentally in this study, exhibited prominent changes in expression levels during fruit development stages. From the qRT-PCR analysis of the target mRNAs, including the SBP-transcription factor and F-box protein, we found that expression of these two target mRNAs gradually decreased in general during fruit development and was negatively correlated with the expression of their corresponding miRNAs. The validation of miRNA-directed cleavage of these target mRNAs, combined with the results of qRT-PCR analysis, likely suggests that some miRNAs in pepper may play a role in fruit development. Conclusively, our study first utilizes high-throughput sequencing to identify and characterize conserved and novel miRNAs and their targets in pepper, providing a basis for understanding the functional roles of miRNAs in pepper.