이 연구의 목적은 동해안 대설시 기상 요소들의 일변화의 특성을 알아보고자 하는데 있다. 1997년 1월 5∼7일 사이에 발생한 대설을 하나의 사례로 분석하여 보았다. 12시간 간격으로 분석한 지상 일기도와 850hPa 등압면 일기도로부터 기압 패턴을 알아보았다. 영동 동해안 · 태백산간 · 영서 · 경북 동해안 지방으로 세분화하여 강설량 분포와 바람, 운량, 지상 온도, 이슬점 온도, 상대습도, 해면기압 같은 기상 요소들의 일 변화를 분석하여 보았다. 1월 5일은 기압골, 6일은 저기압 후면 그리고 7일은 북동기류 유입으로 눈이 내렸다. 기상 요소들의 일변화의 특징은 영동 동해안 지방인 강릉, 속초 지방의 지상풍향은 남서풍, 북서풍이 유입될 때 대설이 내렸고 태백산간 지방은 북동풍이 유입될 때 지속적인 강설 현상을 나타내었다. 그리고 풍속이 약화됨에 따라 강설도 약화되었다. 지상 온도와 이슬점 온도의 일 변화에서, 포항은 강릉, 속초 지방과 같이 동해안에 위치하면서도 대설이 발생하지 않은 것은 변질되지 않은 시베리아 기단의 영향을 계속 받았기 때문이다.

동해안의 경포호를 비롯한 6개 석호를 조사한 결과 모든 호수가 부영양화가 매우 심한 것으로 나타났다. 투명도는 1.0 m 내외의 낮은 값을 보였으며 청초호를 제외한 모든 호수에서 남조류인 Oscillatoria sp.가 우점종이었다. 염분의 경우 청초호와 화진포호의 북호는 각각 18~30‰와 10~25‰이었으며, 다른 호수는 10‰ 내외 로 호수별로 큰 차이를 보였다. 또한 모든 호수의 Chl. a, TN 및 TP도 각각 11.4~97.3 mg/m3, 0.77~2.36mgN/L 및 0.056~0.292 mgP/m3의 범위로 보여 차이가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 표층의 TN/TP 무게비는 6~14 정 도로 매호가 가장 적었으며, TSI는 56~79의 범위로 영랑호가 가장 컸다.

The several sacrificial rites foods in east coast areas Kyungpook province, Pohang, Youngduk, and Uljin, were surveyed. For the anniversary menorial service, the food items in these reas were mainly rice(Bab'), soup(Guk'), stew(Tang'), fruits, neats and fishes, alcohol which are the typical food items for any other area in Korea. In this east coast area, the seaweed was used more often than in inner land area for this rite food. Four kinds of rice cake(Ddeok' or Pyun') were surveyed for this rite. For the baked food item(Geuk'), the fish squid and the Alaska pollack were used frequently for Geuk'. For the fruits dishes, 3 items were the basic. Tang' which was made with the various fishes, were used very frequently. For the religious memorial service for god to guard the household, the displayed food items were different from depending on the type of the god to guard the household, however, the general display of the food items was almost the same as in land area. For the winter sacrificial rite, the boiled rice(97%) and Bakpyun' was used mostly for the Ddeok'. For the Guk', bean sprout was used mostly, however, the seaweed soup was also used(7%). The fish Tang' was the most used one(35%). For young-deung-je', which implied th safe guard of the household, most of the food items are similar to those of the normal sacrificial rite, however, the fishes which were not fishy were used. The housekeeper arranged the rite to catch a large amount of the fishes and to hope the wellbeing of the household, Poong-yer-je is so called as Byul-sin-gud'(a practice of an exorciser). The food items for this Poong-yer-je' were almost similar to those of the winter sacrificial rite, however, Geulpyun' was mostly used for the Pyun'. In addition that, the red-bean Si-ruddock', Baekpyun', and Yung-ddock'(a dragon cake) were used for this rite, At the end of the sacrificial rite, Yong-ddock' was served to the dragon king which was believed in sea.

The present study was surveyed for the normal meal and particular folk meal in east cot area in Kyungpook province, Pohang, Youngduk, and Uljin areas. The results are as below: Most subjects for surveying were 30-40 years old and permanent residents in those areas. For the normal meal, the boiled rice was the top main dishes among 18 main dishes. The folloing upper five main dishes were boiled bean rice, boiled barley rice, boiled miscellaneous cereals rice, noodles, and Bbimbab (miced rice with cooked various vegetables and meats). Less frequent main dishes were raw fish Bbimbab and the various fish soups etc. The two upper side dishes, out of 17 surveyed ones, were kimchi and soybean paste soup. Twelve dishes(about 70%) out of 17 side dishes, the loach soup, the marinated and fermented raw fishes (fish Sikhae'), the baked mackerel, the pickled fishes, the friedsardine, the green seaweed, and the quid, etc. were made from the sea products. For the particular folk meal, about 30 kinds of the specific folk food items of this area were surveyed: Gudungchi' Sikhae', which was made with seaweed, out of the 11 kinds of fish Sikhae', raw fish(Whae') in water, Sigumjang', a salty agar, a steamed seaweed which was covered with the flour or bean power the various kinds of fish soups, the various kinds of fish stews were the particular folk side dishes in these areas. The dietary habit in these east coast areas were affected by the various sea food products, the fishes and the seaweeds, which were acquired easily through four season in these area.

This paper, examines the relationship between water temperatures and fishing conditions of common squid by the squid angling fishery from June to September in 1993-1995. The condition of the common squid fishing largely depended on the fluctuation of water temperature in the coastal area of Gampo. Monthly mean water temperatures during June m September in 1993 and 1994 were relatively higher than those in 1995 in Gampo area. But the values between July and August in 1995 were about 5℃ lower than those in 1993 and 1995. Coefficients of variation (CV) of water temperature showed the lowest value during July ~ September in 1993, however, the highest value was observed in July and August in 1994. Catch per unit effort (CPUE ; kg/angling) showed a peak with 73.7kg in 1993 when the CV was low. On the other hand, the lowest CPUE of 39.6kg was observed in 1994 when the CV was high. It was concluded that the high stability of water temperatures and the weak strength of cold water have caused the good fishing conditions of common squid.

Spatial distribution characteristics, volume backscattering strength and species composition of midwater trawling catch was analyzed biological and acoustical characteristics of anchovy shoal, using a high resolution echo - sounder at the south region of East sea of Korea. 1) In the survey site A of Lat.35˚55'N, Long.129˚45'E, the anchovy shoal of small to middle size with the horizontal range of 10~25m and large size with the horizontal range of 40~50m were distributed together. However in the survey site B of Lat.35˚38'N, Long.129˚40'E, the anchovy shoal was observed to be mainly small size which about 78% of the detected shoal. Another was that the anchovy shoal with the vertical range of 2~8m occupied about 68.6% in the survey site A and that of 6~12m occupied about 42.5% in the survey site B. The mainly the site A and B were found to be 10~50m super (2), 64.5% and 20~80m super (2), 66%, respectively. 2) The volume backscattering strength in the site A and B were observed to be -44.0~ -28.0dB, respectively. In the site A, the backscattering strength of -40.0~ -30.0dB was analyzed about 41.4%. 3) Most of total anchovy shoal was concentrated in the water layer of 50~100m in depth with 15.3~18.5℃, 34.0~34.3‰ in the survey site A and 14.2~16.4℃, 34.1~34.2‰ in the survey site B. 4) Mean total length(TL) and body weight(BW) of anchovy in the survey site A were 9.9cm and 4.4g respectively, with TL-BW relationship of BW=0.0007TL3.65super (3.85). In site B, mean total length(TL) and body weight(BW) were 11.2cm and 8.7g, with TL-BW relationship of BW=0.0023TL3.36.

In order to establish one of the forecasting model for the fishing conditions of squid angling fisheries in the Eastern Korea Sea, the catch data for the years of 1955~1991 and the water temperature data for the years of 1979~1990 were analysed, and then some parameters, that is, the water temperature normal year anomaly in the spawning and the rapidly growing season, the adult resource amount and etc were examined statistically correlation with the catch fluctuation of the main fishing seasons. From the result, authors suggested a formula as a forecasting model, Y=25785+1099X sub(1)+1074X sub(2)+6.033X sub(3)+3.95X sub(4)+1.330X sub(5)(M/T)(R super(2)=0.867, P<0.01) in the case that Y is the yearly catch, X sub(1) and X sub(2) are the water temperature normal year anomalies in October and December of the previous year and that in February and April, and X sub(3), X sub(4) and X sub(5) are the catches in October, in September, in November of previous year respectively. Because these parameters could be checked in earlier time of a half year before the main fishing season, this model was assumed to be very useful for the prediction of fishing conditions of squid angling fisheries.

In order to survey the traditional salt production at the eastern coast, Young-Hae, in Yi-dynasty, data of salt production were collected through interviewing with whom had received the skill from ancestors and analyzed the data. The results obtained were as follows. Salt-producer take the salt water containing much salt and then he transported the salt-water by having water buckets an back in with using the water-toting device (Mul ji ge). Finally he carried out the irrigation (Mul dae gi) to a ditch (Dorang). It is noteworthy that the East-sea salt production method was not selecting a method of salt-pond style with a bank for salt production but using the salt water transportation fashion without a bank for that. Judging from these facts, we could conclude that traditional salt production method was handed down into the Yi-dynasty from ancient times.

1984년 7월 24일에서 동년 8월 2일까지 동해안과 울릉도를 항해중 정선하여 14개의 관측점에서 수심 5m~200m층을 관측한 해중소음의 음압레벨을 분석한 결과, 해중소음은 연안에서 멀리 떨어진 해역의 표층부근에서는 평균 1dB/16m의 비율로 수심이 깊어짐에 따라 낮아지는 경향을 나타내었으며, 정상적인 소음분포 형태를 이루고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 항구나 항만입구 부근에서는 육상소음의 영향을 받아, 단속적이고 지역적인 소음분포 형태를 이루고 있음과 해저지형과 해상에 따라서도 크게 변동됨을 알 수 있었다.

This paper concerns the receding of the eastern coastline of Korean peninsula at a macroscopic point of view, the result is as following. 1. Eastern coast is gradually developed from maturity stage to full maturity stage. 2. The coastline recession due to sea level rise is amounted to the receding distance, x=0.045 m per yr. 3. The author proposes another classification from the new view point, which is classified by comparing quantities between river supplying sediment loads, and the littoral drifting due to wave actions. According this, eastern coast is receding(Type Q-A), and we could find it's geomorphological characteristics. 4. The general piofile of eastern coast sand beach is erosional storm profile(Type I) which accompany offshore bar. 5. From the wave measuring data of eastern coast(Hoopo port), I can derive the linear regression line of the exceedance probability of wave height from the log-normal distribution. z=O. 113+4.335 loglo H, r=0.983. Above equation made it possible to estimate Ω[=P(H>Hc)]for the effective wave height Hc=2. Om4, 4. Om and their corresponding values are considerable (7.8%, 0.3%) 6. Eastern coastline certainly have the tendency of erosive and receding, owing to the sea level rise, poor sediment source and effective wave actions. It's very desirable to survey coastline evolution for a long time systematically, in order to make more elaborate diagnosis.

러시아 니꼴라이 1세(НиколайⅠ)는 1852년 청국과 일본과의 개항을 추진하기 위해서 러시아 제독 뿌쨔찐(Е.В. Путятин)을 특사로 임명하였다. 팔라다호는 1852년 10월 7일 끄론쉬따트(Кронштат)를 출항했고, 1853년 8월 10일 일본의 나가사키(長崎)에 도착하였다. 전함 팔라다호(Фрегат Паллада)는 1853년 8월 9일과 10일 사이 나가사키(長崎) 항구에 정박하여 일본을 1차로 방문하였다. 팔라다호는 일본정부와의 수교협상이 지연되자, 1853년 11월 5일 식료품을 보충하기 위해서 상하이로 떠날 것을 결정하고 11월 11일 출발하였다. 그 후 팔라다호는 상하이 근처 새들 군도(Saddle Islands)를 출발하여 1853년 12월 24일 나카사키에 정박하여 일본을 2차로 방문하였다. 팔라다호는 1854년 2월 27일 마닐라를 출발해서, 5월 22일 시베리아 해안에 진출하였다. 그 사이 팔라다호는 1854년 4월 2일부터 4월 7일까지 거문도에 정박했고, 1854년 4월 9일 나가사키 항구에 정박하여 일본을 3차로 방문하였다. 팔라다호는 조선의 지도 보완 등을 이유로 거문도와 동해안을 방문하고 조사하였는데, 4월 20일부터 5월 11일까지 조선의 동해안 전역을 실측하였다. 곤차로프는 중국, 일본, 조선 등의 과거와 현재를 세밀하게 관찰하였다. 곤차로프는 계층 사회로 이뤄진 일본의 관료주의, 일본인의 권력에 대한 공포심 등을 비판하였다. 곤차로프는 개인주의로 팽배한 중국이 뇌물로 부패하였고, 모든 것이 풍족하기 때문에 중국인이 더 이상 발전을 꿈꾸지 않는다고 판단하였다. 중국이 단일성과 전체성을 상실하여 개인주의와 불합리성에 빠져들었다고 생각하였다. 그런데 곤차로프는 조선인이 중국인과 일본인 보다 빨리 서양을 수용하여 발전할 수 있는 원동력으로 ‘사물의 호기심’과 ‘변화의 욕망’이라고 파악하였다. 곤차로프는 중국, 일본, 유구(琉球), 조선 등의 민족을 하나의 가계라고 인식하였다. 곤차로프는 4개 민족 모두가 외모, 성격, 사고방식 등 공통되는 정신적 삶을 형성하고 있다고 파악하였다. 그런데 곤차로프는 ‘황폐한 문명’이라는 시각에서 4개 민족을 비판적으로 바라보았다. 그럼에도 곤차로프는 기본적으로 조선, 중국, 일본이 인접성의 장점 때문에 유럽과 동북아의 상업적 미래가 희망적이라고 판단하였다. 일본과 조선이 가깝고, 두 나라는 상하이와 가깝다. 곤차로프는 삼국이 유럽의 무역과 항해를 위해 자유로운 공간이 될 것이라고 예측하였다.

토사유출에 대한 자료는 극히 제한되어 있으며 이에 대한 관측지점 또한 대하천에 국한되어 있다. 더욱이 대하천 하류의 해안부근 유사량 자료는 전무한 실정이다. 본 연구는 지속적인 토사유입으로 인하여 그 면적이 줄어들고 있는 동해안의 석호인 유역면적 8.2km²의 향호를 대상으로 토사량 유출량을 계산하여 유호성을 검증하였다. 그 결과 향호로 유입되는 비유사량은 약 280 t/km²/yr 이었으며 유사전달률은 약 0.78이었다. 본 접근방법은 현재 육역화가 대부분 진행되어 있는 동해안 석호의 토사유입 과정을 유추하는데 유효한 자료가 될 것으로 기대한다.

The seasonal variation of phytoplankton communities and its standing crops in accordance with environmental factors were investigated at Yeongrang-ho, Cheongcho-ho, Mae-ho and Hyang-ho which are located in the East coast of Korea during April to October 2011. High concentrations of T-N and T-P were observed in four lagoons due to the inflowing nutrients from farmlands and residential areas near lagoons. Nutrient salts mainly composed of nitrogen and phosphate caused the eutrophication of the lakes, leading to the robust growth of phytoplankton. During the period of investigation, 64 to 107 taxa of phytoplankton were observed in four lagoons. Diatoms were the most dominant species with high density. Non-point pollution source was estimated as the main cause of water pollution of lagoons. Trophic states of lagoons evaluated using the value of TSI and TSIKO indicated that all the investigated lagoons were in the eutrophication state.

본 논문에서는 해수면 상승에 의한 해안침식에 대하여 리스크 분석 체계를 수립하고 동해안 고성 해빈(GW13)의 관측 자료를 통하여 리스크 분석을 실시하였다. 지구온난화로 인한 해수면 상승을 전망하고, 우리나라 연안의 최근 10년 평균 해면 상승률에 대한 데이터를 가지고 강원도 고성군 봉포항 일대(GW13-1)의 해안선의 후퇴를 예측하였다. 해수면 상승에 대하여 재해의 빈도 산정 개념을 도입하여 리스크 분석으로써 위험요인 평가(hazard assessment), 취약성 평가(vulnerability assessment) 및 위험도 평가(risk assessment)를 수행하였다. 해수면 상승의 주 요인인 지구온난화를 줄이기 위한 대책으로 Reduction, Avoidance, Transfer, Acceptance로의 네 가지 위험관리 패턴으로 그 방법들을 조사해 보고 해수면 상승에 의한 해안침식의 효율적 대처방안을 제시하였다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze seasonal variations of seaweed community structure according to ocean environment at three areas in the east coast of Korea. Mean water temperatures of Gosung, Samchuk, and Gyeongju were 8.3℃, 11.2℃, and 13.1℃, respectively, during the growing winter season of 2011. Subtidal benthic macroalgal flora and community structure were investigated at the sites between February to November 2011. The numbers of seaweed species at the areas were 38, 12, and 15, respectively. The amounts of biomass were 7.35 kg m-2, 1.80 kg m-2, and 0.84 kg m-2, respectively, during the period. The values of C/P, R/P, and (R+C)/P representing flora characteristics at Sokcho area were 0.1, 1.1, and 1.2, respectively. The values of flora characteristics at Samchuk were 0.3, 0.6, and 1.0, respectively. The values of flora characteristics at Gyeongju were 0.4, 4.0, and 1.2, respectively