코드린나방은 사과, 배, 복숭아 등의 과실류를 비롯한 다양한 작물의 해충으로써, 국내에서는 검역 대상으로 금지해충에 속해있다. 코드린나방이 속한 잎말이나방의 유충은 과실 속으로 파고 들어가 살기 때문에 살충제로 방제하기가 어려운 해충이다. 따라서 철저한 수입식물 검역과 예찰을 통해 국내로의 유입을 막는 것이 최선이다. 현재 잎말이나방류에 대한 예찰용 페로몬트랩이 사용되고 있지만 개별 종에 대한 표적 예찰은 이뤄지지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 코드린나방의 성페로몬을 이용한 유인제 개발을 위한 기초연구로써, 현재 상용화되어 미국, 유럽, 중국 등에서 사용하고 있는 다양한 유인제의 조성성분을 분석하였다. 전세계적에서 대표적으로 사용되는 4종류의 코드린나방 루어를 GC-MS/MS를 이용하여 물질의 종류와 구성비율을 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 코드린나방의 최적 예찰을 위한 성페로몬 유인제 선발의 기초자료로 활용될 예정이다.

The invasive red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, is native to southcentral United States and northeastern Mexico. Recently, it has been being spreading in the wild in South Korea. However, its primary sources, introduction routes, establishment, and expansion in South Korea remain unclear. Here, we analyzed genetic diversity and population genetic structures of its domestic natural populations during early invasion, commercial stock from local aquaria (a suspected introduction source), and original United States population using mitochondrial COI gene sequences for 267 individuals and eight microsatellite markers for 158 individuals. Natural and commercial populations of P. clarkii showed reduced genetic diversity (e.g., haplotype diversity and allelic richness). The highest genetic diversity was observed in one original source population based on both genetic markers. Despite a large number of individuals in commercial aquaria, we detected remarkably low genetic diversity and only three haplotypes among 226 individuals, suggesting an inbred population likely originating from a small founder group. Additionally, the low genetic diversity in the natural population indicates a small effective population size during early establishment of P. clarkii in South Korea. Interestingly, genetic differentiation between natural populations and the United States population was lower than that between natural populations and aquarium populations. This suggests that various genetic types from the United States likely have entered different domestic aquariums, leading to distinct natural populations through separate pathways. Results of our study will provide an insight on the level of genetic divergence and population differentiation during the initial stage of invasion of non-indigenous species into new environments.

To analyze the pesticide residues in commercial bee pollen products in South Korea, 61 samples were collected and screened for 339 pesticides. Results revealed that approximately 34% (>LOQ) of samples were contaminated with at least one pesticide. The pesticide residue detection rates of domestic and imported samples were 31% and 44%, respectively. Furthermore, the pesticide residue detection rate of online distribution (60%) was higher than that of offline distribution (27%). Fifteen pesticides were discovered in bee pollen, and pendimethalin, chlorfenvinphos, chlorpyrifos, and fluazinam were detected in 7, 6, 3, and 2 order of frequency, respectively. Even though its concentration was low, chlorfenvinphos which is banned in food crops in the United States, European Union, and Korea, was detected in bee pollen samples commonly. Therefore, continuous investigation of pesticide residues in bee pollen products and their acceptance criteria is required for safety.

Commercial condom advertisements usually emphasize the sexual pleasure of branded products, which leads to controversial public views. Some people agree that commercial condom advertisements can also benefit public health, whereas others disapprove of such commercial condom advertisements because their contents are usually offensive, low-tasted, and pornographic. Despite controversy over commercial condom advertising, we know little about the spillover effect of commercial condom advertisement. On one hand, sexual-related content in the commercial condom advertisement may have an arousal effect. That is, it can evoke sexual arousal, leading to more sex intercourses. More frequent sex behaviors, especially casual sex behaviors, may then lead to a risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). On the other hand, commercial condom advertisements may have an educational effect. That is, it can persuade people to use condoms, helping people get in the habit of using condoms, thus reducing the STD trends. In the short term when condom commercials are aired, the arousal effect and educating effect coexists, which motivates the net short-term effect as an open empirical question. In the long-term when the condom commercial no longer aired, the educating effect remains, which decreases the STD trends.

우리나라 열병합 발전소에서 운영되고 있는 최신 증기터빈의 출력과 효율 향상을 위한 첫 번째 기술적인 진보는 고온, 고압의 증기를 사용할 수 있는 소재 개발의 진척이라고 할 수 있다. 소재의 발전과 더불어 증기터빈의 내부효율 향상을 위한 설계적 노력의 결실 로 높은 효율의 증기터빈이 제작되었다. 오랜 기간 운전 중인 증기터빈의 내부효율은 기계적 수명의 한계로 점차 손실이 발생하고 효율 과 출력이 떨어지게 된다. 이러한 이유로 본 연구에서는 상용프로그램을 이용하여 열병합 발전소용 고압(HP)-중압(IP) 증기터빈의 증기유 로 성능해석을 수행할 수 있는 모델을 개발하고 성능계산 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 증기터빈의 복잡한 성능계산방식으로 인해 증기터빈 실무자들에게 실질적으로 유용한 참고문헌이 될 수 있도록 주요 변수들을 제시하였다. 또한 증기터빈 성능계산에 필요한 열정산도 분석 과 증기터빈 성능계산 결과의 적합성을 성능시험 결과와 비교 확인하였다.

Hanford site has been operated since 1943 to produce the plutonium for nuclear weapons. Significant amount of radioactive wastes was generated by the nuclear weapons production process. The radioactive wastes are stored in 177 aged underground tanks. Due to the risk of leakage into the air and the Columbia River, the US DOE and EPA, and Washington State Department of Ecology organized the Tri-Party Agreement (TPA) to clean-up the Hanford site in 1989. The LAW (low-activity waste) vitrification facility named WTP (Waste Treatment Plant) is plan to vitrify about 212 million liters of radioactive waste. The US DOE announced that the world’s largest melter to vitrify the LAW was heated up on October 8, 2022.

This study has evaluated the genomic estimated breeding value (GEBV) of the commercial Hanwoo population using the genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) method and genomic information. Furthermore, it analyzed the accuracy and realized accuracy of the GEBV. 1,740 heads of the Hanwoo population which were analyzed using a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Chip has selected as the test population. For carcass weight (CWT), eye muscle area (EMA), back fat thickness (BFT), and marbling score (MS), the mean GEBVs estimated using the GBLUP method were 3.819, 0.740, -0.248, and 0.041, respectively and the accuracy of each trait was 0.743, 0.728, 0.737, and 0.765, respectively. The accuracy of the breeding value was affected by heritability. The accuracy was estimated to be low in EMA with low heritability and high in MS with high heritability. Realized accuracy values of 0.522, 0.404, 0.444, and 0.539 for CWT, EMA, BFT, and MS, respectively, showing the same pattern as the accuracy value. The results of this study suggest that the breeding value of each individual can be estimated with higher accuracy by estimating the GEBV using the genomic information of 18,499 reference populations. If this method is used and applied to individual selection in a commercial Hanwoo population, more precise and economical individual selection is possible. In addition, continuous verification of the GBLUP model and establishment of a reference population suitable for commercial Hanwoo populations in Korea will enable a more accurate evaluation of individuals.

Commercial carbon fiber cloth (CFC) is treated by the Joule-heating pyrolysis method in air to boost its capacitive performance on the premise of energy- and time-saving considerations. A thermoelectric coupling model suitable for the Jouleheating pyrolysis is successfully established based on the comparisons between the simulated temperatures and actually measured ones. The temperature field on CFC surface induced by the Joule heat presents a concentric-ellipse shape that the temperature in the core is the maximal and gradually decays outward. Increasing the direct current (DC) voltage which is applied to the CFC from 1.0 to 6.0 V, the core temperature on the CFC surface can be raised from 31 to 519 °C. The specific surface area and hydrophilicity of the as-prepared porous CFC are greatly improved compared with the pristine one. Electrochemical test shows that the optimal Joule-heating pyrolysis parameters falls at 5.0 V and 12.5 min, and the areal specific capacitance of as-obtained CFC-5.0-12.5 is about 80 folds that of the pristine CFC. In addition to the much shorter preparation time, all the characteristics including areal specific capacitance, rate performance, and electrical conductivity of the Joule-heating pyrolyzed CFC are superior to those of the electrical furnace pyrolyzed counterpart. The aqueous symmetrical supercapacitor made of CFC-5.0-12.5 electrodes exhibits considerable power and energy densities with respect to the previously reported carbon electrode-based supercapacitors. For conductive precursors, the Joule-heating pyrolysis can be an ideal substitute for the traditional electric furnace pyrolysis.

This study was conducted to provide basic data on the amount of sodium and the setting of permissible error range of actual measurement, which is a problem for cabbage kimchi nutrients subject to labeling. The sample targeted was baechu (Kimchi cabbage) kimchi, which might have a large variation in sodium content by part of kimchi. Kimchi samples were collected twice from eight companies by season (spring, summer, fall, and winter). The average sodium content in kimchi samples was 619±87 mg/100 g (range, 534±63 mg/100 g to 783±40 mg/100 g). The error in average annual sodium content of abandonment kimchi (maximum value difference compared to the minimum value) was 26.8 to 64.3%. Sodium contents in kimchi produced in spring and summer were relatively low. However, deviation between individuals was large. It was found that cases exceeding the permissible error (120%) standard varied depending on the criteria for setting the amount of sodium. In addition, due to seasonal differences, sodium content in kimchi exceeded 120% of the labeling value. Thus, it is necessary to set standards suitable for characteristics of kimchi to prevent unintentional violations of labeling standards by raw materials and manufacturing processes.

This study was conducted to compare the quality characteristics of commercial tofu products from the market in Korea. Seventeen types of commercial tofu samples were taken and their physicochemical properties, including soluble solid contents, salinity, pH, total acidity and moisture (total solid contents), were analyzed. The hardness of tofu was negatively correlated with the moisture contents of tofu (r=－0.667**). The commercial tofu showed pH 5.80~6.24, total acidity of 0.016~0.034%, soluble solids of 1.50~3.45 °Brix, salinity of 1.20~2.30%, and moisture content of 79.91~87.57%, respectively. All 17 tofu samples sold in the Korean market were prepared using crude MgCl2 and sea water as a coagulant. The quality characteristics vary depending on the constituent’s of soybeans, and the ratio and amount of coagulants of tofu used. The origin of soybean seeds affected the yellowness of tofu; tofu made from imported soybean showed a higher b value than domestic soybean. These results are expected to be useful for understanding trends in the domestic tofu industry.

소비자에게 판매하기 위해 비육을 하여 길러지는 돼지가 아닌 새끼를 낳기 위해 장기간 사육되는 돼지를 모돈이라 한다. 모돈은 규격돈보다 육색이 붉은 것이 특징이며 단단한 조직감으로 인해 잘 소비되지 않는다. 본 연구는 모돈을 가공 원료육으로 활용하기 위해 품질 및 가공특성을 평가하였다. 먼저, 냉동-해동된 모돈과 규격돈의 뒷다리를 이용하여 품질특성을 비교하였으며 가공특성은 유화형소시지를 제조하여 수행하였다. 원료육의 품질특성은 일반성분, pH, 육색, 콜라겐 함량, 조직감, 보수력을 측정하였고 가공특성은 유화형소시지를 제조하여 조직감 및 유화 안정성을 측정하였다. 모돈의 육색은 규격돈보다 붉고(p<0.05), 조직감은 단단하였다(p<0.05). 그러나 pH, 보수력, 콜라겐 함량, 유화 안정성, 소시지의 조직감은 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 모돈의 단단한 조직감은 분쇄를 통해 해결하였으며 대부분의 품질 및 가공특성은 모돈과 규격돈에서 동일하였다. 따라서 모돈을 가공 원료육으로 활용하면 규격돈과 가공특성의 차이가 없음을 확인하였으며, 규격돈에 비해 높은 수율은 제품 원가를 절감할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

본 연구에서는 음이온 교환막 수전해 시스템에 적용가능성을 확인하고자 상용 음이온 교환막인 FAA-3-50, Neosepta-ASE, Sustainion grade T, Fujifilm type 10의 관련 물성을 평가하였다. 음이온교환막을 이용하는 특성상 음이온교환 기의 확인을 위하여 SEM/EDX를 이용하여 상용막의 모폴로지와 표면의 원소를 분석하여 상용막이 포함하고 있는 작용기의 분포를 확인하였다. 또한, UTM과 TGA를 이용하여 기계적 강도 및 열분해온도를 측정하여 수전해의 구동조건을 만족하는지 확인하였다. 음이온 교환막으로서의 성능을 파악하기 위하여 중요한 특성인 이온교환용량과 이온전도도를 측정하였으며, 알 칼리 환경에서 구동되기 때문에 각각의 상용막의 내알칼리성을 확인하기 위한 내구성 테스트를 진행하여 비교하였다. 최종적 으로 막-전극 접합체를 제조하여 수전해 single cell test를 진행하여 60°C, 70°C, 80°C의 온도 조건에서 cell 성능을 확인하였 고 장기 cell test로 다른 온도에서 20 cycle 측정하여 수전해 성능을 비교하여 상용막의 음이온 교환막 수전해에 적용가능성 을 비교하여 확인하였다.

돌발성 해충인 매미나방의 방제체계 수립을 위해 시판 유기농업자재 21종에 대한 살충 활성을 실내 검정하였다. 90% 이상의 살충 활성을 보인 유기농업자재 11종을 선발하였으며, 유효성분들을 분석하였다. PLS 제도의 대응하여 본 연구 결과는 돌발성 매미나방의 친환경 방제 및 향후 유기농업자재의 개발에도 활용이 가능할 것으로 생각된다.