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pp.213-219
The development of Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) was studied at various constant temperatures ranging from 15 to 32.5℃, with 65±5% RH, and a photoperiod of 16L:8D. Mortality of the 1<SUB>st</SUB>-2<SUB>nd</SUB> and the 3<SUB>rd</SUB>-4<SUB>th</SUB> stage nymphs were similar at most temperature ranges while at high temperature of 32.5℃, more 3<SUB>rd</SUB>-4<SUB>th</SUB> stage individuals died. The total developmental time ranged from 13.8 days at 15℃ to 4.9 days at 30.0℃ suggesting that the higher the temperature, the faster the development. However, at higher end temperature of 32.5℃ the development took 6.4 days. The lower developmental threshold temperature and effective accumulative temperatures for the total immature stage were 6.8℃ and 105.9 day-degrees, respectively and the nonlinear shape of temperature related development was well described by the modified Sharpe and DeMichele model. The normalized cumulative frequency distributions of developmental period for each life stage were fitted to the three-parameter Weibull function. The attendance of shortened developmental times was apparent with 1<SUB>st</SUB>-2<SUB>nd</SUB> nymph, 3<SUB>rd</SUB>-4<SUB>th</SUB> nymph, and total nymph stages in descending order. The coefficient of determination r² ranged between 0.80 and 0.87.
