Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are well known as micro-insect pests, which are very specific to their host plants, sucking phloem for acquiring nutrients, and most of them have successfully maintained parthenogenetic generations cyclically or permanently. In the world, the approximately 5,000 described aphid species belong to the family Aphididae, which has taxonomically been subdivided into 27 subfamilies in current. In recent, we have revised the checklist of the Korean aphids based on 43 references which include the catalogues, checklists, faunistic researches, and taxonomic reports treating the aphids in the Korean Peninsula. As results, we confirmed that a total of 427 valid species (species names) in 142 genera in 16 subfamilies had been historically recognized in the Korean Peninsula after checking classifications and invalid names (misidentifications, synonyms, and etc.). Among them, 36 species need Korean name which mostly were recorded after 2000. We also present and correct the wrong applications of some invalid names still used in official internet databases and documents due to citation of 'Checklist of Insects from Korea (Anonymous, 1994)'.