Gd2O3:Eu3+ red phosphors were prepared by template method from crystalline cellulose impregnated by metal salt. The crystallite size and photoluminescence(PL) property of Gd2O3:Eu3+ red phosphors were controlled by varying the calcination temperature and Eu3+ mol ratio. The nano dispersion of Gd2O3:Eu3+ was also conducted with a bead mill wet process. Dependent on the time of bead milling, Gd2O3:Eu3+ nanosol of around 100 nm (median particle size : D50) was produced. As the bead milling process proceeded, the luminescent efficiency decreased due to the low crystallinity of the Gd2O3:Eu3+ nanoparticles. In spite of the low PL property of Gd2O3:Eu3+ nanosol, it was observed that the photoluminescent property was recovered after re-calcination. In addition, in the dispersed nanosol treated at 85 oC, a self assembly phenomenon between particles appeared, and the particles changed from spherical to rod-shaped. These results indicate that particle growth occurs due to mutual assembly of Gd(OH)3 particles, which is the hydration of Gd2O3 particles, in aqueous solvent at 85 oC.