Korean architecture classifies Banja (the decorated flat of the ceiling visible from the inside) of Royal Palaces into two types: Woomul(water-well, 井) banja, which inserts rectangular wooden board into lattice frame, and paper banja, which applies paper to the flat ceiling. Such classification was established in the 19th century. Before that, Banja was classified according to what was inserted into the lattice frame, either wooden or paper board. At first, the banja that used paper board was widely installed regardless of the purpose or nobility of the building. However, since the 17th century, the use of paper board banja became mostly restricted to Ondol (Korean floor heating system) rooms which are characterized by private usage and the importance of heating, and it was considered inferior to wooden board banja in terms of rank or grace. The contemporary paper banja was mainly installed in low-rank ondol rooms until the late 19th century to early 20th century, when roll-type wallpaper was introduced from the West and the paper banja came to decorate the King’s and Queen’s bedrooms. The traditional paper board banja benefits heat reservation, reduces the weight of the ceiling, and allows the adjustment of the lattice frame size. Furthermore, it can feature unique artistry if covered with blue, white, or red Neung-hwa-ji (traditional flower pattered paper).

Abstract
1. 서 론
2. 우물지반자의 현존 사례와 기록
    2-1. 우물지반자의 현존 사례
    2-2. 기록에서 확인되는 우물지반자
3. 종묘와 영녕전의 반자 구조
    3-1. 종묘와 영녕전의 건축 이력과 공간 구획
    3-2. 조선후기 종묘와 영녕전의 반자 구조
4. 결론
참고문헌

• 이종서(울산대학교 역사․문화학과 교수) | Lee, Jong-Seo Corresponding author