This study was performed to investigate immune changes by comparing the proportion and function of immune cells in the blood under high-temperature period and convalescence temperature period in Holstein dairy cows. The experiment was conducted using Holstein dairy cows of five animals per group (60 ± 20 months old, 175 ± 78 non-day) from the National Institute of Animal Science at high-temperature period (THI: 76 ± 1.2) and convalescence temperature period (THI: 66 ± 1.3). Complete blood count results showed no change in the number of immune cells between groups. In the analysis using Flow Cytometry of PBMCs, no significant differences were observed among B cells, Helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, and γδ T cells between groups. However, there was an increase in Th17 cells producing IL-17a, while Th1 cells decreased during the convalescence temperature period. The results of gene expression analysis using qRT-PCR in PBMCs revealed an increase in IL-10 during the convalescence temperature period, while a decrease in HSP70 and HSP90 was observed. In conclusion, the increased expression of IL-10 and the decrease in HSP expression suggest the possibility of a weak recovery from heat stress. However, the lack of observed changes in B cells, T cells, and other immune cells indicates incomplete recovery from heat stress during the convalescence temperature period.

Ⅰ. 서론
Ⅱ. 재료 및 방법
    1. 공시동물 및 급여방법
    2. 실험설계
    3. 혈액 수집 및 면역세포 분리
    4. 일반혈액검사
    5. 홀스타인종 PBMC의 유세포 분석
    6. RNA 추출 및 qRT-PCR
Ⅲ. 결과 및 고찰
    1. 회복기 홀스타인종 젖소의 생산성 변화
    2. 고온 스트레스 노출 후 회복기 홀스타인종 젖소의 혈액 내면역세포 농도의 변화
    3. 고온기와 회복기의 PBMC 내 면역세포 변화
    4. 혈액 내 면역세포의 유전자 발현 비교
Ⅳ. 요 약

• 김언태(국립축산과학원 낙농과, 천안, 31000, 대한민국) | Eun Tae Kim (National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea)
• 이상진(부산대학교 동물생명자원과학과, 밀양, 50463, 대한민국) | Sangjin Lee (Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea)
• 김예은(부산대학교 동물생명자원과학과, 밀양, 50463, 대한민국) | Ye Eun Kim (Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea)
• 임동현(국립축산과학원 낙농과, 천안, 31000, 대한민국) | Dong-Hyun Lim (National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea)
• 김동현(국립축산과학원 낙농과, 천안, 31000, 대한민국) | Dong Hyeon Kim (National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea)
• 박성민(국립축산과학원 낙농과, 천안, 31000, 대한민국) | Seong Min Park (National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea)
• 엄준식(국립축산과학원 낙농과, 천안, 31000, 대한민국) | Jun Sik Eom (National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea)
• 박지후(국립축산과학원 낙농과, 천안, 31000, 대한민국) | Ji Hoo Park (National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea)
• 김상범(국립축산과학원 낙농과, 천안, 31000, 대한민국) | Sang Bum Kim (National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea)
• 이성실(경상국립대학교 응용생명과학부(BK21), 진주, 52828, 대한민국) | Sung Sill Lee (Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea)
• 김명후(부산대학교 동물생명자원과학과, 밀양, 50463, 대한민국) | Myunghoo Kim (Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea) Corresponding author